CBIS CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | CBIS CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE
2026
Number or % of people living with a disability as a result of a brain injury - correct answer
✔✔3.2-5.3 million people
(1.1-1.78% of the US population)
Name 3 Musculoskeletal complications that are specific to TBI - correct answer
✔✔Hyperreflexia
Contractures
Heterotopic Ossification (HO)
What is hyperreflexia? - correct answer ✔✔Involuntary increase in muscle tone and
exaggerated deep tendon reflexes.
What are contractures? - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal, usually permanent condition of joints
characterized by decreased ROM, often in flexed position, and fixation due to wasting away and
shortening of muscle fibers and loss of skin elasticity.
What is heterotopic ossification? - correct answer ✔✔Clinical presentation may reveal a swollen
painful warm area, with decreased range of motion.
What are treatment options? - correct answer ✔✔NSAIDS, Radiation, Surgery in combination
with disodium etidronate
3 bladder dysfunctions that are complications of elimination per the book are? - correct answer
✔✔The inability to empty the bladder-filling stimulus
, The inability to empty bladder due to poor tone or right sphincter activity
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) occur early and late post injury and may be detected through early
cognitive or behavioral changes. -Can become chronic
What is metabolic syndrome? - correct answer ✔✔A combination of medical disorders that
increase the risk for both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Common in aging adults. Marked
by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and dyslipidemea.
Metabolic syndrome can increase the potential risk for: - correct answer ✔✔Heart attack
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease
Peripheral artery disease
Retinopathy
What is meningitis? - correct answer ✔✔An infection resulting from a virus or bacteria entering
the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column.
Meningitis has been associated with ____% of individuals with brain injury - correct answer
✔✔50%
More than ____% of individuals with brain injury will experience a UTI withing _____ weeks of
injury. - correct answer ✔✔60% within 6 weeks
What is cellulitis? - correct answer ✔✔A skin infection caused by a bacteria.
Sleep disturbances are reported by _____ to _____% of individuals with TBI - correct answer
✔✔30-70%
2026
Number or % of people living with a disability as a result of a brain injury - correct answer
✔✔3.2-5.3 million people
(1.1-1.78% of the US population)
Name 3 Musculoskeletal complications that are specific to TBI - correct answer
✔✔Hyperreflexia
Contractures
Heterotopic Ossification (HO)
What is hyperreflexia? - correct answer ✔✔Involuntary increase in muscle tone and
exaggerated deep tendon reflexes.
What are contractures? - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal, usually permanent condition of joints
characterized by decreased ROM, often in flexed position, and fixation due to wasting away and
shortening of muscle fibers and loss of skin elasticity.
What is heterotopic ossification? - correct answer ✔✔Clinical presentation may reveal a swollen
painful warm area, with decreased range of motion.
What are treatment options? - correct answer ✔✔NSAIDS, Radiation, Surgery in combination
with disodium etidronate
3 bladder dysfunctions that are complications of elimination per the book are? - correct answer
✔✔The inability to empty the bladder-filling stimulus
, The inability to empty bladder due to poor tone or right sphincter activity
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) occur early and late post injury and may be detected through early
cognitive or behavioral changes. -Can become chronic
What is metabolic syndrome? - correct answer ✔✔A combination of medical disorders that
increase the risk for both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Common in aging adults. Marked
by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and dyslipidemea.
Metabolic syndrome can increase the potential risk for: - correct answer ✔✔Heart attack
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease
Peripheral artery disease
Retinopathy
What is meningitis? - correct answer ✔✔An infection resulting from a virus or bacteria entering
the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column.
Meningitis has been associated with ____% of individuals with brain injury - correct answer
✔✔50%
More than ____% of individuals with brain injury will experience a UTI withing _____ weeks of
injury. - correct answer ✔✔60% within 6 weeks
What is cellulitis? - correct answer ✔✔A skin infection caused by a bacteria.
Sleep disturbances are reported by _____ to _____% of individuals with TBI - correct answer
✔✔30-70%
