BIOS251 Exam 2 Review: Cell
Biology and Tissues
Principles of Cell Theory - ANSWER ✔✔The smallest structure
capable of carrying out life processes.
Prokaryotic cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells without an organized nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells with an organized and well
defined nucleus.
Plasma (cell) membrane - ANSWER ✔✔Separates internal and
external environments.
DNA - ANSWER ✔✔Genetic material that controls an organism's
composition, replicates the cell.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER ✔✔Can be divided into two portions: Cytosol
and Organelles.
,Cytosol - ANSWER ✔✔The liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - ANSWER ✔✔The site of protein synthesis.
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular support, used in cell
movement, moves organelles.
Gamete cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells used for reproduction (sperm and
ovum). Replicate via meiosis.
Somatic cells - ANSWER ✔✔All other cells in the body. Replicate via
mitosis.
Functions of the cell membrane - ANSWER ✔✔Serves as a barrier
protecting the cell's inner content from the extracellular environment.
Phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER ✔✔The structure that makes up the
cell membrane.
Hydrophilic heads - ANSWER ✔✔Water 'loving' parts of the
phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophobic tails - ANSWER ✔✔Water 'hating' parts of the
phospholipid bilayer.
Integral proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Found to travel the entire width of the
membrane touching both internal and external surfaces.
, Channel proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Allow ions to cross the membrane
from one side to another.
Carrier proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Transport specific substances from
one side of the plasma membrane to the other.
Receptor proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Recognize and bind to specific
molecules called ligands.
Cell Identity Markers - ANSWER ✔✔Allow the cell to be identified and
distinguished by the immune system.
Na+/K+ ATPase pump - ANSWER ✔✔Maintains an electrochemical
gradient.
Gap Junctions - ANSWER ✔✔Form a connection between two cells.
Enzymes - ANSWER ✔✔Catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions
inside or outside the cell.
Cell Adhesion Molecules - ANSWER ✔✔Serve as structural support
and stability for a cell.
Peripheral proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Found only on the inner or outer
surfaces.
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Biology and Tissues
Principles of Cell Theory - ANSWER ✔✔The smallest structure
capable of carrying out life processes.
Prokaryotic cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells without an organized nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells with an organized and well
defined nucleus.
Plasma (cell) membrane - ANSWER ✔✔Separates internal and
external environments.
DNA - ANSWER ✔✔Genetic material that controls an organism's
composition, replicates the cell.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER ✔✔Can be divided into two portions: Cytosol
and Organelles.
,Cytosol - ANSWER ✔✔The liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - ANSWER ✔✔The site of protein synthesis.
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER ✔✔Intracellular support, used in cell
movement, moves organelles.
Gamete cells - ANSWER ✔✔Cells used for reproduction (sperm and
ovum). Replicate via meiosis.
Somatic cells - ANSWER ✔✔All other cells in the body. Replicate via
mitosis.
Functions of the cell membrane - ANSWER ✔✔Serves as a barrier
protecting the cell's inner content from the extracellular environment.
Phospholipid bilayer - ANSWER ✔✔The structure that makes up the
cell membrane.
Hydrophilic heads - ANSWER ✔✔Water 'loving' parts of the
phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophobic tails - ANSWER ✔✔Water 'hating' parts of the
phospholipid bilayer.
Integral proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Found to travel the entire width of the
membrane touching both internal and external surfaces.
, Channel proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Allow ions to cross the membrane
from one side to another.
Carrier proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Transport specific substances from
one side of the plasma membrane to the other.
Receptor proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Recognize and bind to specific
molecules called ligands.
Cell Identity Markers - ANSWER ✔✔Allow the cell to be identified and
distinguished by the immune system.
Na+/K+ ATPase pump - ANSWER ✔✔Maintains an electrochemical
gradient.
Gap Junctions - ANSWER ✔✔Form a connection between two cells.
Enzymes - ANSWER ✔✔Catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions
inside or outside the cell.
Cell Adhesion Molecules - ANSWER ✔✔Serve as structural support
and stability for a cell.
Peripheral proteins - ANSWER ✔✔Found only on the inner or outer
surfaces.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
