HK 100 EXAM 3 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION TESTED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● name some examples of knowledge gained by motor development
research
Answer: 1. normal rate and sequence of development of fundamental
motor skills (when a child would start standing and walking)
2. individual difference in rate of development of skills (it's not the end
of the world if someone doesn't meet these requirements)
3. deviations from normal development in special populations (down
syndrome, etc.)
●● what is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal
research
Answer: cross sectional involves different age groups at the same time
longitudinal is overtime of the same people at different ages
●● what are some practical applications of motor development
information
Answer: 1. assess normal development of children
2. screen for neurological and motor disorders (wellness checks)
3. identify and nurture exceptional talent
,4. inform designers of remedial and therapeutic programs
3. determine readiness of learners for new tasks (not necessarily looking
for if someone if behind, just to see if they are at an appropriate level to
be doing a certain task)
●● describe the two general developmental principles
Answer: cephalocaudal principle (head-down)
proximodistal principle (axis outward, same with muscle tone)
●● name the motor milestones
Answer: posture
locomotion
reaching and grasping
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - posture
Answer: 1. holds head study when carried (2-3 months)
2. sits without support (5 months)
3. gets to sitting (7 months)
4. pulls to standing (7-8 months)
5. stands alone (11 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - locomotion
Answer: 1. rolls from back to stomach (6-7 months)
,2. pre-walking progression (crawling 7 months)
3. walks alone (12 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - reaching
Answer: 1. reaches to touch a desired object (3-4 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - grasping
Answer: 1. large objects first picked up (3-4 months)
2. thumb opposition (6-7 months) (this is how we normally grab things)
3. pincer grasp to pick things up (9-10 months)
●● describe the motor milestones look like in special populations
Answer: down syndrome - walk unsupported after 2 years
low IQ - walk after 12 months
delay in motor milestones - trigger remedial help in childhood
●● describe critical periods in motor development and if there is
evidence for critical periods
Answer: - time when child is most sensitive to learning a skill
- no clear evidence if there are detrimental effects, but there is evidence
that enriched environments can speed up rate of achieving motor
milestones (infant swimming lessons, suzuki method)
, - unsure if early achievement of milestones positively affect adult
performance
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching arm action
Answer: step 1 - little response - arms extend forward, but little
movement to adapt to ball flight - ball usually trapped against chest
step 2 - hugging - arms extended sideways to encircle (hug) the ball -
ball is trapped against chest
step 3 - scooping - arms are extended but move under the object - ball is
trapped against chest
step 4 - arms "give" - arms extend to meet object with hands - arms and
body "give" - ball is caught in hands
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching hand
action
Answer: step 1 - palms up - rolling balls elicit a palm-down trapping
action
step 2 - palms in (face each other)
step 3 - palms adjusted - to flight and size of object - thumbs or little
fingers places close together (depends on height of flight path)
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching body
action
Answer: step 1 - no adjustment of body occurs in response to balls flight
path
EVALUATION TESTED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● name some examples of knowledge gained by motor development
research
Answer: 1. normal rate and sequence of development of fundamental
motor skills (when a child would start standing and walking)
2. individual difference in rate of development of skills (it's not the end
of the world if someone doesn't meet these requirements)
3. deviations from normal development in special populations (down
syndrome, etc.)
●● what is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal
research
Answer: cross sectional involves different age groups at the same time
longitudinal is overtime of the same people at different ages
●● what are some practical applications of motor development
information
Answer: 1. assess normal development of children
2. screen for neurological and motor disorders (wellness checks)
3. identify and nurture exceptional talent
,4. inform designers of remedial and therapeutic programs
3. determine readiness of learners for new tasks (not necessarily looking
for if someone if behind, just to see if they are at an appropriate level to
be doing a certain task)
●● describe the two general developmental principles
Answer: cephalocaudal principle (head-down)
proximodistal principle (axis outward, same with muscle tone)
●● name the motor milestones
Answer: posture
locomotion
reaching and grasping
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - posture
Answer: 1. holds head study when carried (2-3 months)
2. sits without support (5 months)
3. gets to sitting (7 months)
4. pulls to standing (7-8 months)
5. stands alone (11 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - locomotion
Answer: 1. rolls from back to stomach (6-7 months)
,2. pre-walking progression (crawling 7 months)
3. walks alone (12 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - reaching
Answer: 1. reaches to touch a desired object (3-4 months)
●● describe the time periods for the motor milestone - grasping
Answer: 1. large objects first picked up (3-4 months)
2. thumb opposition (6-7 months) (this is how we normally grab things)
3. pincer grasp to pick things up (9-10 months)
●● describe the motor milestones look like in special populations
Answer: down syndrome - walk unsupported after 2 years
low IQ - walk after 12 months
delay in motor milestones - trigger remedial help in childhood
●● describe critical periods in motor development and if there is
evidence for critical periods
Answer: - time when child is most sensitive to learning a skill
- no clear evidence if there are detrimental effects, but there is evidence
that enriched environments can speed up rate of achieving motor
milestones (infant swimming lessons, suzuki method)
, - unsure if early achievement of milestones positively affect adult
performance
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching arm action
Answer: step 1 - little response - arms extend forward, but little
movement to adapt to ball flight - ball usually trapped against chest
step 2 - hugging - arms extended sideways to encircle (hug) the ball -
ball is trapped against chest
step 3 - scooping - arms are extended but move under the object - ball is
trapped against chest
step 4 - arms "give" - arms extend to meet object with hands - arms and
body "give" - ball is caught in hands
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching hand
action
Answer: step 1 - palms up - rolling balls elicit a palm-down trapping
action
step 2 - palms in (face each other)
step 3 - palms adjusted - to flight and size of object - thumbs or little
fingers places close together (depends on height of flight path)
●● describe the development sequence for two hand catching body
action
Answer: step 1 - no adjustment of body occurs in response to balls flight
path
