ANA 109 EXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE
Reductionism - Answers - Theory that a large, complex system such as the human body
can be understood by studying its simpler components.
Holism - Answers - There are "emergent properties" of the whole organism that cannot
be predicted from the properties of the separate parts
Clinical Reasoning - Answers - Process of involving the inclusion of evidence to
facilitate optimum patient outcomes
Metabolism - Answers - The sum of all the chemical processes in the body
Catabolism - Answers - Breaking down complex chemicals
Anabolism - Answers - Building complex chemicals from smaller units
Responsiveness - Answers - Detect and respond to internal or external changes
Movement - Answers - Whole body or structures within the body
Growth - Answers - Increase in body size
Differentiation - Answers - Unspecialized cells (stem cells) become specialized in
structure and function
Reproduction - Answers - Production of new cells
What are the 5 environmental factors required to sustain life? - Answers - Water, Food,
Oxygen, Heat and Pressure
Homeostasis - Answers - The ability or tendency of an organism (or cell) to maintain
internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.
Illness or death - Answers - Loss of homeostatic control causes what?
Positive and Negative - Answers - What are the two feedback systems in the body?
Monitor - Answers - Receptors do what?
Evaluate - Answers - Control center does what?
Adjust - Answers - Effectors do what?
,Negative Feedback - Answers - The body's physiological states fluctuate (dynamic
equilibrium) within a limited range around a set point.
Negative - Answers - Which type of feedback do you want to occur in your body?
Positive Feedback - Answers - A homeostatic control mechanism where the response of
effectors intensifies or reinforces the controlled condition change from stimulus. This is
a normal way of producing rapid changes in the body.
Positive Feedback System - Answers - Which feedback system continues until it is
interrupted?
Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and
thumbs out - Answers - What is anatomical position?
Frontal, Transverse, Midsagittal - Answers - What are the 3 main body planes?
Transverse Plane - Answers - Separates the body into a "top" and a "bottom," but it
doesn't have to be even.
Frontal Plane - Answers - Divides the body in a "front" and "back"
Midsagittal Plane - Answers - Separates the body into left and right sides through the
midline
Parasagittal Plane - Answers - Divides the body into unequal right and left regions
DIrectional Terms - Answers - Describe the position of one body part relative to another
Superior - Answers - Above
Inferior - Answers - Below
Cranial - Answers - Front
Caudal - Answers - Back
Anterior - Answers - Front
Posterior - Answers - Back
Ventral - Answers - Middle
Dorsal - Answers - Side
Medial - Answers - Toward the mid-line of the body
, Lateral - Answers - Toward the side, away from the mid-line of the body
Proximal - Answers - Near, closer to the origin
Distal - Answers - Away from, farther from the origin
Superficial - Answers - External, on the surface
Deep - Answers - Internal
Ipsi - Answers - Same side
Contra-lateral - Answers - Opposite sides
Walking is an example of what directional term? - Answers - Contra-lateral; when your
left foot steps, your right arm swings
What two cavities make up the dorsal cavity? - Answers - Cranial and Vertebral
Cranial Cavity - Answers - Contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity - Answers - Contains the spinal cord
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic - Answers - What two cavities make up the ventral cavity?
Thoracic Cavity - Answers - Superior to diaphragm
Pleural and Pericardial - Answers - What two cavities make up the thoracic cavity?
Pleural Cavity - Answers - Contains the right or left lung
Pericardial Cavity - Answers - Contains the heart
Abdominopelvic Cavity - Answers - Inferior to diaphragm
Abdominal and Pelvic - Answers - What two cavities make up the abdominopelvic
cavity?
Abdominal Cavity - Answers - Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine and most of large intestine
Pelvic Cavity - Answers - Contains urinary bladder, inferior part of large intestine and
reproductive organs
Serous Membrane - Answers - What are body cavities lined with?
Reductionism - Answers - Theory that a large, complex system such as the human body
can be understood by studying its simpler components.
Holism - Answers - There are "emergent properties" of the whole organism that cannot
be predicted from the properties of the separate parts
Clinical Reasoning - Answers - Process of involving the inclusion of evidence to
facilitate optimum patient outcomes
Metabolism - Answers - The sum of all the chemical processes in the body
Catabolism - Answers - Breaking down complex chemicals
Anabolism - Answers - Building complex chemicals from smaller units
Responsiveness - Answers - Detect and respond to internal or external changes
Movement - Answers - Whole body or structures within the body
Growth - Answers - Increase in body size
Differentiation - Answers - Unspecialized cells (stem cells) become specialized in
structure and function
Reproduction - Answers - Production of new cells
What are the 5 environmental factors required to sustain life? - Answers - Water, Food,
Oxygen, Heat and Pressure
Homeostasis - Answers - The ability or tendency of an organism (or cell) to maintain
internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.
Illness or death - Answers - Loss of homeostatic control causes what?
Positive and Negative - Answers - What are the two feedback systems in the body?
Monitor - Answers - Receptors do what?
Evaluate - Answers - Control center does what?
Adjust - Answers - Effectors do what?
,Negative Feedback - Answers - The body's physiological states fluctuate (dynamic
equilibrium) within a limited range around a set point.
Negative - Answers - Which type of feedback do you want to occur in your body?
Positive Feedback - Answers - A homeostatic control mechanism where the response of
effectors intensifies or reinforces the controlled condition change from stimulus. This is
a normal way of producing rapid changes in the body.
Positive Feedback System - Answers - Which feedback system continues until it is
interrupted?
Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and
thumbs out - Answers - What is anatomical position?
Frontal, Transverse, Midsagittal - Answers - What are the 3 main body planes?
Transverse Plane - Answers - Separates the body into a "top" and a "bottom," but it
doesn't have to be even.
Frontal Plane - Answers - Divides the body in a "front" and "back"
Midsagittal Plane - Answers - Separates the body into left and right sides through the
midline
Parasagittal Plane - Answers - Divides the body into unequal right and left regions
DIrectional Terms - Answers - Describe the position of one body part relative to another
Superior - Answers - Above
Inferior - Answers - Below
Cranial - Answers - Front
Caudal - Answers - Back
Anterior - Answers - Front
Posterior - Answers - Back
Ventral - Answers - Middle
Dorsal - Answers - Side
Medial - Answers - Toward the mid-line of the body
, Lateral - Answers - Toward the side, away from the mid-line of the body
Proximal - Answers - Near, closer to the origin
Distal - Answers - Away from, farther from the origin
Superficial - Answers - External, on the surface
Deep - Answers - Internal
Ipsi - Answers - Same side
Contra-lateral - Answers - Opposite sides
Walking is an example of what directional term? - Answers - Contra-lateral; when your
left foot steps, your right arm swings
What two cavities make up the dorsal cavity? - Answers - Cranial and Vertebral
Cranial Cavity - Answers - Contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity - Answers - Contains the spinal cord
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic - Answers - What two cavities make up the ventral cavity?
Thoracic Cavity - Answers - Superior to diaphragm
Pleural and Pericardial - Answers - What two cavities make up the thoracic cavity?
Pleural Cavity - Answers - Contains the right or left lung
Pericardial Cavity - Answers - Contains the heart
Abdominopelvic Cavity - Answers - Inferior to diaphragm
Abdominal and Pelvic - Answers - What two cavities make up the abdominopelvic
cavity?
Abdominal Cavity - Answers - Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine and most of large intestine
Pelvic Cavity - Answers - Contains urinary bladder, inferior part of large intestine and
reproductive organs
Serous Membrane - Answers - What are body cavities lined with?
