ANA 109 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What 2 systems function together to regulate body activities? - Answers - endocrine &
nervous
What does the endocrine system release to control body activities & maintain
homeostasis? - Answers - hormones
What does the nervous system release to control body activities & maintain
homeostasis? - Answers - neurotransmitters
How does communication/control differ between the nervous system and the endocrine
system? - Answers - nervous system- rapid and controlled
endocrine system- slow and more sustained; signals adapt over a longer time frame
pineal gland - Answers - secretes melatonin
hypothalamus - Answers - controls pituitary gland
pituitary gland - Answers - master gland/regulator of the entire body
growth disorders stem from this
All of the major hormones are produced/regulated by the __________ and the
____________. - Answers - hypothalamus, pituitary gland
thyroid gland (picture) - Answers - butterfly-shaped organ on front of trachea, on back of
the thyroid gland is the parathyroid gland
thymus (picture) - Answers - shrinks as we get older, critical for pediatric development
main source for white blood cells (helps us program immune cells to fight infection)
adrenal gland (picture) - Answers - aka "suprarenal glands", sits on top of kidney
produce adrenaline- fight or flight response
pancreas (picture) - Answers - has 2 functions: endocrine & exocrine
critical for glucose homeostasis (eating food)
parathyroid glands (picture) - Answers - on back of the thyroid gland
ovary - Answers - female gonad
, testis - Answers - male gonad
neurotransmitter - Answers - a chemical (protein)
EX: Acetylcholine- comes from the end of a neuron into a synapse & then bind to a
muscle or neuron
hormones - Answers - chemical messengers that are transported throughout the entire
body in the blood
differences between the nervous and endocrine system - Answers - nervous- releases
elecrical impulses & neurotramsmitters synapses at specific target cells, relatively
local/special effects, reacts quick (1-10 ms)& precise, stops quickly when stimulus
stops, adapts quickly to continual stimulation
endocrine- hormone, into the blood stream for general distribution, general/widespread
effects, reacts slowly (seconds to days) to stimuli, may continue responding long after
stimulus stops
glands - Answers - hormone factories: clusters of specialized cells site of hormone
production, can be considered an organ
endocrine glands - Answers - secrete their hormones directly into the interstitial fluid
that surrounds them -> hormones diffuse into the blood stream through capillaries & are
carried to target cells throughout the body
EX: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
endocrine cells - Answers - sends hormones throughout the body, looks for particular
receptors specific to that hormone
Only ________ glands uses ducts to secrete their products. - Answers - exocrine
Exocrine glands do not release ________. - Answers - hormones
exocrine glands - Answers - secrete their products into ducts: tubes or vessels that
carry hormones, sweat, breast milk etc.
EX: qsudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, mucous glands, digestive
glands and several other throughout the body
water-soluble hormones - Answers - circulate freely in the plasma (which is
predominantly water); bind to receptors on the exterior surface of the target cell
lipid-soluble hormones - Answers - circulate bound to transport proteins; hormones bind
to receptors within target cells
estradiol - Answers - has endocrine function, can be protective
What 2 systems function together to regulate body activities? - Answers - endocrine &
nervous
What does the endocrine system release to control body activities & maintain
homeostasis? - Answers - hormones
What does the nervous system release to control body activities & maintain
homeostasis? - Answers - neurotransmitters
How does communication/control differ between the nervous system and the endocrine
system? - Answers - nervous system- rapid and controlled
endocrine system- slow and more sustained; signals adapt over a longer time frame
pineal gland - Answers - secretes melatonin
hypothalamus - Answers - controls pituitary gland
pituitary gland - Answers - master gland/regulator of the entire body
growth disorders stem from this
All of the major hormones are produced/regulated by the __________ and the
____________. - Answers - hypothalamus, pituitary gland
thyroid gland (picture) - Answers - butterfly-shaped organ on front of trachea, on back of
the thyroid gland is the parathyroid gland
thymus (picture) - Answers - shrinks as we get older, critical for pediatric development
main source for white blood cells (helps us program immune cells to fight infection)
adrenal gland (picture) - Answers - aka "suprarenal glands", sits on top of kidney
produce adrenaline- fight or flight response
pancreas (picture) - Answers - has 2 functions: endocrine & exocrine
critical for glucose homeostasis (eating food)
parathyroid glands (picture) - Answers - on back of the thyroid gland
ovary - Answers - female gonad
, testis - Answers - male gonad
neurotransmitter - Answers - a chemical (protein)
EX: Acetylcholine- comes from the end of a neuron into a synapse & then bind to a
muscle or neuron
hormones - Answers - chemical messengers that are transported throughout the entire
body in the blood
differences between the nervous and endocrine system - Answers - nervous- releases
elecrical impulses & neurotramsmitters synapses at specific target cells, relatively
local/special effects, reacts quick (1-10 ms)& precise, stops quickly when stimulus
stops, adapts quickly to continual stimulation
endocrine- hormone, into the blood stream for general distribution, general/widespread
effects, reacts slowly (seconds to days) to stimuli, may continue responding long after
stimulus stops
glands - Answers - hormone factories: clusters of specialized cells site of hormone
production, can be considered an organ
endocrine glands - Answers - secrete their hormones directly into the interstitial fluid
that surrounds them -> hormones diffuse into the blood stream through capillaries & are
carried to target cells throughout the body
EX: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands
endocrine cells - Answers - sends hormones throughout the body, looks for particular
receptors specific to that hormone
Only ________ glands uses ducts to secrete their products. - Answers - exocrine
Exocrine glands do not release ________. - Answers - hormones
exocrine glands - Answers - secrete their products into ducts: tubes or vessels that
carry hormones, sweat, breast milk etc.
EX: qsudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, mucous glands, digestive
glands and several other throughout the body
water-soluble hormones - Answers - circulate freely in the plasma (which is
predominantly water); bind to receptors on the exterior surface of the target cell
lipid-soluble hormones - Answers - circulate bound to transport proteins; hormones bind
to receptors within target cells
estradiol - Answers - has endocrine function, can be protective
