ANA 109 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
bone - Answers - composed of several different tissues working together
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answers - supports soft tissues &
provides attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles, protects the most important
internal organs, assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal muscles
What does osseous tissue do? - Answers - stores and releases minerals, particularly
calcium and phosphorous
What does red marrow (myeloid tissue) produce? - Answers - blood cells
What does yellow marrow within bones store? - Answers - triglycerides- source of
potential energy
What are the components of the skeletal system? - Answers - - Dense connective tissue
- Osseous tissue
- Cartilage
- Epithelium
- Adipose tissue
- Nervous tissue
What are the 5 classifications of bones? - Answers - long, short, flat, irregular, &
sesamoid
long bones - Answers - greater length than width
EX: femur
short bones - Answers - nearly equal length & width
EX: carpals/tarsals
flat bones - Answers - thin
EX: skull- parietal bone
irregular bones - Answers - complex bones
EX: vertebrae
sesamoid bones - Answers - shaped like a sesame seed
EX: patella ("floating" between 2 tendons)
epiphyses (long bone) - Answers - proximal and distal ends of bone
, diaphysis (long bone) - Answers - shaft
medullary cavity (long bone) - Answers - inside shaft
metaphysis (long bone) - Answers - join diaphysis and epiphysis w epiphyseal plate, or
line once growth stops
endosteum (long bone) - Answers - inside surface tissue
periosteium (long bone) - Answers - outside surface tissue
What type of fibers does periosteum tissue contain? - Answers - perforating fibers-
fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix, fuse to the surface of the bone
articular cartilage - Answers - a space where 2 or more bones join, provides cushion,
stability and mobility
bone marrow - Answers - soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and
small spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone
hemopoietic tissue - Answers - produces blood cells and is composed of multiple
tissues in a delicate, but intricate arrangement that is an organ to itself
Where is red marrow found in children? - Answers - nearly every bone
Where is red marrow found in adults? - Answers - skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of
pelvic girdle, and proximal heads of humerus and femur
For adults, most red marrow turn into what? - Answers - fatty yellow marrow, no longer
produces blood
blasts - Answers - immature
cytes - Answers - mature
What are the 4 principal types of cells? - Answers - osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoblasts
& osteoclasts
osteogenic - Answers - undifferentiated, stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts by cell
division
Where are osteogenic cells found? - Answers - endosteum, periosteum, & central
canals
osteoblasts - Answers - bone-building by calcification, synthesize soft organic matter of
matrix which then hardens by mineral deposition
bone - Answers - composed of several different tissues working together
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answers - supports soft tissues &
provides attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles, protects the most important
internal organs, assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal muscles
What does osseous tissue do? - Answers - stores and releases minerals, particularly
calcium and phosphorous
What does red marrow (myeloid tissue) produce? - Answers - blood cells
What does yellow marrow within bones store? - Answers - triglycerides- source of
potential energy
What are the components of the skeletal system? - Answers - - Dense connective tissue
- Osseous tissue
- Cartilage
- Epithelium
- Adipose tissue
- Nervous tissue
What are the 5 classifications of bones? - Answers - long, short, flat, irregular, &
sesamoid
long bones - Answers - greater length than width
EX: femur
short bones - Answers - nearly equal length & width
EX: carpals/tarsals
flat bones - Answers - thin
EX: skull- parietal bone
irregular bones - Answers - complex bones
EX: vertebrae
sesamoid bones - Answers - shaped like a sesame seed
EX: patella ("floating" between 2 tendons)
epiphyses (long bone) - Answers - proximal and distal ends of bone
, diaphysis (long bone) - Answers - shaft
medullary cavity (long bone) - Answers - inside shaft
metaphysis (long bone) - Answers - join diaphysis and epiphysis w epiphyseal plate, or
line once growth stops
endosteum (long bone) - Answers - inside surface tissue
periosteium (long bone) - Answers - outside surface tissue
What type of fibers does periosteum tissue contain? - Answers - perforating fibers-
fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix, fuse to the surface of the bone
articular cartilage - Answers - a space where 2 or more bones join, provides cushion,
stability and mobility
bone marrow - Answers - soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and
small spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone
hemopoietic tissue - Answers - produces blood cells and is composed of multiple
tissues in a delicate, but intricate arrangement that is an organ to itself
Where is red marrow found in children? - Answers - nearly every bone
Where is red marrow found in adults? - Answers - skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of
pelvic girdle, and proximal heads of humerus and femur
For adults, most red marrow turn into what? - Answers - fatty yellow marrow, no longer
produces blood
blasts - Answers - immature
cytes - Answers - mature
What are the 4 principal types of cells? - Answers - osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoblasts
& osteoclasts
osteogenic - Answers - undifferentiated, stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts by cell
division
Where are osteogenic cells found? - Answers - endosteum, periosteum, & central
canals
osteoblasts - Answers - bone-building by calcification, synthesize soft organic matter of
matrix which then hardens by mineral deposition
