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Test Bank For Language Culture And Communication: The Meaning
Of Messages 9th Edition By Nancy Bonvillain
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Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter Objectives
After Reading This Chapter Students Should Be Able To:
1. Explain The Concept Of A Speech Community.
2. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Ethnolinguists.
3. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Sociolinguists.
4. Describe The Similarities And Differences Between Ethnolinguistic And
Sociolinguistic Approaches To Communicative Behavior.
5. Define Discourse And Understand Its Importance In The Study Of Interaction.
6. Explain What Language Ideologies Are And How They Are Connected To Language Use.
K
Chapter Overview
This Chapter Introduces The Student To The Basic Connections Between Language, Identity, And
Ideology As Well As Some Methodologies To Explore These Connections. The Chapter Begins By
Describing The Difference Between Situational, Social, And Cultural Meanings, As Well As Stressing
The Importance Of Context And Cultural Models On Communicative Behavior. Next, The Author
Introduces The Student To The Ideas Of Speech Community And Speech Network, Noting The
Differences Between The Two Notions And How Both Affect Language Use. The Different Levels Of
Linguistic Pressures And Control In Dense And Weak Social Networks Are Also Addressed. Following
This, Students Are Presented With The Basic Assumptions, Goals, And Methodologies Involved In
Ethnolinguistics, Sociolinguistics And Language Variation Studies, Discourse Analysis, And Critical
Discourse Analysis. Finally, The Chapter Defines Language Ideologies And Gives Basic Background
Information About The Dissemination And Effects Of Language Ideologies.
Technical Terms: Anthropologist, Critical Discourse Analysis, Cultural Meanings, Cultural Model,
Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Ethnographic, Ethnography Of Communication, Ethnolinguist,
Ethnolinguistic Approach, Language Ideologies, Linguist, Linguistic Variation, Situational Meanings,
Social Meanings, Sociolinguistic Approach, Sociolinguistics, Speech Community, Speech Network
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Chapter Outline
I. Introduction
• Speech Communities
• Ethnolinguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Discourse
• Language Ideologies
II. Plan Of The Book
Discussion Questions
1. Labov States That Members Of Speech Communities Have Shared Language Norms And Attitudes.
Has A Member Of Your Speech Community Ever Corrected Your Language Use, Or Have You Ever
Corrected Someone Else? What Do These Corrections Reveal About The Norms And Attitudes Of
Your Speech Community?
2. Which Variables In Your Own Speech Are Tied To Certain Aspects Of Your Identity? For
Example, Are There Any Things You Say (Or Ways That You Say Them) That Connect To Your
Geographical Region, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Religion, Political Orientation,
Profession, Etc.?
3. Do You Think Your Speech Changes Based On The Situation—What You Are Doing, Where You Are,
Or Who You Are With? Does It Remain The Same? If It Does Change, In What Ways Does It Vary?
4. Brainstorm Some Things That People —Should‖ And —Should Not‖ Do With Language. What Do The
Ideas Generated In The Brainstorming Session Reveal About The Language Ideologies Of The Class Or
The Larger Community?
Research Questions
1. Observe Coworkers Communicating At Work. Write Down Any Specialized Terms You Hear
The Employees Use. Write An Essay In Which You Describe The Jargon Used In That Workplace
Setting And Reflect Upon The Social Meanings Of Those Terms.
3
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2. Linguist Penelope Eckert Has Posited That There Are Three Waves Of Variation Studies In
Sociolinguistics. Read Her Article On This Subject And Write An Essay Which Compares And
Contrasts The Three Approaches To Linguistic Variation That She Describes.
3. Choose A Social Factor That Affects Language Use—Gender, Race, Age, Socioeconomic
Class, Etc.—And Investigate Studies That Examine That Factor. Write A Review Of The
Literature You Find That Discusses The Linguistic Effects Of That Particular Social Factor.
Other Readings:
Gumperz, John J. And Dell Hymes (Eds.). 1986. Directions In Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of Communication.
Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd.
Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations Of Socio-Linguistics. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press.
Speech Communities And Social Networks
Hymes, Dell. 1986. Models Of Interaction Of Language And Social Life. In Directions In
Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of Communication, Ed. J. Gumperz And D. Hymes. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell, Ltd.
Labov, William. 1966. The Survey Of The Lower East Side. Ch. 6, The Social Stratification Of English In
New York City. Washington, Dc: Center For Applied Linguistics, Pp. 154-204.
Labov, William. 1972. The Linguistic Consequences Of Being A Lame. Ch. 7, Language In The Inner City:
Studies In Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, Pp. 255-292.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press. Milroy,
Leslie. 1980. Language And Social Networks. Oxford: Blackwell.
Milroy, Leslie. 2002. Social Networks. In The Handbook Of Language Variation And Change, Ed. J.
K. Chambers, P. Trudgill And N. Schilling-Estes. Oxford: Blackwell, Pp. 549-571.
Milroy, Leslie And James Milroy. 1992. Social Network And Social Class: Toward An Integrated
Sociolinguistic Model. Language In Society 21:1-26
4
Test Bank For Language Culture And Communication: The Meaning
Of Messages 9th Edition By Nancy Bonvillain
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter Objectives
After Reading This Chapter Students Should Be Able To:
1. Explain The Concept Of A Speech Community.
2. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Ethnolinguists.
3. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Sociolinguists.
4. Describe The Similarities And Differences Between Ethnolinguistic And
Sociolinguistic Approaches To Communicative Behavior.
5. Define Discourse And Understand Its Importance In The Study Of Interaction.
6. Explain What Language Ideologies Are And How They Are Connected To Language Use.
K
Chapter Overview
This Chapter Introduces The Student To The Basic Connections Between Language, Identity, And
Ideology As Well As Some Methodologies To Explore These Connections. The Chapter Begins By
Describing The Difference Between Situational, Social, And Cultural Meanings, As Well As Stressing
The Importance Of Context And Cultural Models On Communicative Behavior. Next, The Author
Introduces The Student To The Ideas Of Speech Community And Speech Network, Noting The
Differences Between The Two Notions And How Both Affect Language Use. The Different Levels Of
Linguistic Pressures And Control In Dense And Weak Social Networks Are Also Addressed. Following
This, Students Are Presented With The Basic Assumptions, Goals, And Methodologies Involved In
Ethnolinguistics, Sociolinguistics And Language Variation Studies, Discourse Analysis, And Critical
Discourse Analysis. Finally, The Chapter Defines Language Ideologies And Gives Basic Background
Information About The Dissemination And Effects Of Language Ideologies.
Technical Terms: Anthropologist, Critical Discourse Analysis, Cultural Meanings, Cultural Model,
Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Ethnographic, Ethnography Of Communication, Ethnolinguist,
Ethnolinguistic Approach, Language Ideologies, Linguist, Linguistic Variation, Situational Meanings,
Social Meanings, Sociolinguistic Approach, Sociolinguistics, Speech Community, Speech Network
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Chapter Outline
I. Introduction
• Speech Communities
• Ethnolinguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Discourse
• Language Ideologies
II. Plan Of The Book
Discussion Questions
1. Labov States That Members Of Speech Communities Have Shared Language Norms And Attitudes.
Has A Member Of Your Speech Community Ever Corrected Your Language Use, Or Have You Ever
Corrected Someone Else? What Do These Corrections Reveal About The Norms And Attitudes Of
Your Speech Community?
2. Which Variables In Your Own Speech Are Tied To Certain Aspects Of Your Identity? For
Example, Are There Any Things You Say (Or Ways That You Say Them) That Connect To Your
Geographical Region, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Religion, Political Orientation,
Profession, Etc.?
3. Do You Think Your Speech Changes Based On The Situation—What You Are Doing, Where You Are,
Or Who You Are With? Does It Remain The Same? If It Does Change, In What Ways Does It Vary?
4. Brainstorm Some Things That People —Should‖ And —Should Not‖ Do With Language. What Do The
Ideas Generated In The Brainstorming Session Reveal About The Language Ideologies Of The Class Or
The Larger Community?
Research Questions
1. Observe Coworkers Communicating At Work. Write Down Any Specialized Terms You Hear
The Employees Use. Write An Essay In Which You Describe The Jargon Used In That Workplace
Setting And Reflect Upon The Social Meanings Of Those Terms.
3
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
2. Linguist Penelope Eckert Has Posited That There Are Three Waves Of Variation Studies In
Sociolinguistics. Read Her Article On This Subject And Write An Essay Which Compares And
Contrasts The Three Approaches To Linguistic Variation That She Describes.
3. Choose A Social Factor That Affects Language Use—Gender, Race, Age, Socioeconomic
Class, Etc.—And Investigate Studies That Examine That Factor. Write A Review Of The
Literature You Find That Discusses The Linguistic Effects Of That Particular Social Factor.
Other Readings:
Gumperz, John J. And Dell Hymes (Eds.). 1986. Directions In Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of Communication.
Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd.
Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations Of Socio-Linguistics. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press.
Speech Communities And Social Networks
Hymes, Dell. 1986. Models Of Interaction Of Language And Social Life. In Directions In
Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of Communication, Ed. J. Gumperz And D. Hymes. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell, Ltd.
Labov, William. 1966. The Survey Of The Lower East Side. Ch. 6, The Social Stratification Of English In
New York City. Washington, Dc: Center For Applied Linguistics, Pp. 154-204.
Labov, William. 1972. The Linguistic Consequences Of Being A Lame. Ch. 7, Language In The Inner City:
Studies In Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, Pp. 255-292.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press. Milroy,
Leslie. 1980. Language And Social Networks. Oxford: Blackwell.
Milroy, Leslie. 2002. Social Networks. In The Handbook Of Language Variation And Change, Ed. J.
K. Chambers, P. Trudgill And N. Schilling-Estes. Oxford: Blackwell, Pp. 549-571.
Milroy, Leslie And James Milroy. 1992. Social Network And Social Class: Toward An Integrated
Sociolinguistic Model. Language In Society 21:1-26
4
