NURS 101 Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest
Graded A+
Question:
A client is prone to hyponatremia. Which factors should the nurse identify that can precipitate
hyponatremia? Select all that apply. Wound drainage Diuretic therapy Gastrointestinal (GI) suction
Parenteral infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride Inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
Answer:
Wound Drainage
Diuretic Therapy
GI Suction
Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone Secretion
Rationale:
Wound drainage can result in hyponatremia from loss of sodium ions. Most diuretics interfere with
sodium reabsorption in the nephrons and have the side effect of hyponatremia. Gastrointestinal
fluids are rich in sodium ions, which are lost by GI suction. With the syndrome of inappropriate
anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH), high levels of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) are produced,
causing the body to retain water instead of excreting it normally in the urine. Parenteral infusion of
0.9% sodium chloride, an isotonic solution, should be compatible with body fluids; if given in
excess, it may lead to hypernatremia.
Question:
The nurse is assessing the respiratory status of the client at 2-hour intervals as a nursing safety
priority. Which condition is affecting the client? Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Answer:
Hypokalemia
Rationale:
In case of hypokalemia, the nurse should assess the respiratory status of the client every 2 hours. In
case of hyperkalemia, the nurse should notify the healthcare team if the heart rate falls below 60
beats per minute or T waves become spiked. In case of hyponatremia, the nurse should be aware of
muscle weakness in the client and immediately check respiratory effectiveness. In case of
, hypernatremia, the nurse should assess the client hourly for excessive losses of fluid, sodium, or
potassium.
Question:
The nurse is preparing a blood transfusion for a client with renal failure. Why does anemia often
complicate renal failure? 1. Increase in blood pressure 2. Decrease in erythropoietin 3. Increase in
serum phosphate levels 4. Decrease in serum sodium concentration
Answer:
2. Decrease in erythropoietin
Rationale:
Question:
The hormone erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the bone marrow to produce red
blood cells. In renal failure there is a deficiency of erythropoietin that often results in the client
developing anemia. Therefore the nurse is instructed to administer blood. In renal failure, increased
blood pressure is due to impairment of renal vasodilator factors and is not treated by administration
of blood. Phosphate is retained in the body during renal failure, causing binding of calcium leading
to done demineralization, not anemia. Increase in urinary sodium concentration and decrease in
serum sodium concentration trigger the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells. A client's
serum potassium level has increased to 5.8 mEq/L (5.8 mmol/L). What action should the nurse
implement first? 1. Call the laboratory to repeat the test. 2. Take vital signs and notify the
healthcare provider. 3. Inform the cardiac arrest team to place them on alert. 4. Take an
electrocardiogram and have lidocaine available
Answer:
2. take vs and notify healthcare provider
rationale:
Vital signs monitor cardiorespiratory status; hyperkalemia causes cardiac dysrhythmias. The
healthcare provider should be notified because medical intervention may be necessary. A repeat
laboratory test will take time and probably reaffirm the original results; the client needs immediate
attention. The cardiac arrest team is always on alert and will respond when called for a cardiac
arrest. Taking an electrocardiogram and having lidocaine available are insufficient interventions.
Question:
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of chronic kidney failure who has just been told by
the primary healthcare provider that hemodialysis is necessary. Which clinical manifestation
indicates the need for hemodialysis? 1. Ascites 2. Acidosis 3. Hypertension 4. Hyperkalemia
Answer:
Graded A+
Question:
A client is prone to hyponatremia. Which factors should the nurse identify that can precipitate
hyponatremia? Select all that apply. Wound drainage Diuretic therapy Gastrointestinal (GI) suction
Parenteral infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride Inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
Answer:
Wound Drainage
Diuretic Therapy
GI Suction
Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone Secretion
Rationale:
Wound drainage can result in hyponatremia from loss of sodium ions. Most diuretics interfere with
sodium reabsorption in the nephrons and have the side effect of hyponatremia. Gastrointestinal
fluids are rich in sodium ions, which are lost by GI suction. With the syndrome of inappropriate
anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH), high levels of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) are produced,
causing the body to retain water instead of excreting it normally in the urine. Parenteral infusion of
0.9% sodium chloride, an isotonic solution, should be compatible with body fluids; if given in
excess, it may lead to hypernatremia.
Question:
The nurse is assessing the respiratory status of the client at 2-hour intervals as a nursing safety
priority. Which condition is affecting the client? Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Answer:
Hypokalemia
Rationale:
In case of hypokalemia, the nurse should assess the respiratory status of the client every 2 hours. In
case of hyperkalemia, the nurse should notify the healthcare team if the heart rate falls below 60
beats per minute or T waves become spiked. In case of hyponatremia, the nurse should be aware of
muscle weakness in the client and immediately check respiratory effectiveness. In case of
, hypernatremia, the nurse should assess the client hourly for excessive losses of fluid, sodium, or
potassium.
Question:
The nurse is preparing a blood transfusion for a client with renal failure. Why does anemia often
complicate renal failure? 1. Increase in blood pressure 2. Decrease in erythropoietin 3. Increase in
serum phosphate levels 4. Decrease in serum sodium concentration
Answer:
2. Decrease in erythropoietin
Rationale:
Question:
The hormone erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the bone marrow to produce red
blood cells. In renal failure there is a deficiency of erythropoietin that often results in the client
developing anemia. Therefore the nurse is instructed to administer blood. In renal failure, increased
blood pressure is due to impairment of renal vasodilator factors and is not treated by administration
of blood. Phosphate is retained in the body during renal failure, causing binding of calcium leading
to done demineralization, not anemia. Increase in urinary sodium concentration and decrease in
serum sodium concentration trigger the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells. A client's
serum potassium level has increased to 5.8 mEq/L (5.8 mmol/L). What action should the nurse
implement first? 1. Call the laboratory to repeat the test. 2. Take vital signs and notify the
healthcare provider. 3. Inform the cardiac arrest team to place them on alert. 4. Take an
electrocardiogram and have lidocaine available
Answer:
2. take vs and notify healthcare provider
rationale:
Vital signs monitor cardiorespiratory status; hyperkalemia causes cardiac dysrhythmias. The
healthcare provider should be notified because medical intervention may be necessary. A repeat
laboratory test will take time and probably reaffirm the original results; the client needs immediate
attention. The cardiac arrest team is always on alert and will respond when called for a cardiac
arrest. Taking an electrocardiogram and having lidocaine available are insufficient interventions.
Question:
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of chronic kidney failure who has just been told by
the primary healthcare provider that hemodialysis is necessary. Which clinical manifestation
indicates the need for hemodialysis? 1. Ascites 2. Acidosis 3. Hypertension 4. Hyperkalemia
Answer:
