AS LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY AQA ACTUAL
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Introspection
Answer: Involved recording own conscious thoughts.
Aim was to break these thoughts down into their constituent parts.
Isolating the structure of consciousness in this way is known as
*Structuralism*
●● Origins of psychology - Evaluation
Answer: -Wundt's methods were unreliable:
- non observable responses
- hard to reproduce
-Introspection is inaccurate
+Scientific approach
- Brought objective systematic methods
,-Lab studies produce low ecological results
●● Assumption of the behaviourist approach
Answer: Blank slate
All behavior is learnt other than survival instincts
Animals can be used in research
No difference between man and brute
Rejection of introspection
Reliant upon lab experiments to maintain control and objectivity
2 forms of learning: classical and operant conditioning.
●● Classical conditioning
Answer: Learning through association
Pavlov research - dogs associate sound of bell with food if bell is rung
consistently before feeding.
, ●● Classical conditioning procedure
Answer: Before conditioning:
Unconditioned stimulus (Food) = unconditioned response (Salivation).
Neutral stimulus (Bell) = no conditioned response (No salivation).
During conditioning:
Neutral stimulus (Bell) + Unconditioned stimulus (Food) =
Unconditioned response (Salivation).
After Conditioning:
Conditioned stimulus (Bell) = Conditioned Response (Salivation)
●● Operant conditioning
Answer: Learning through consequences
Skinner (1953) suggested that learning is an active process where
humans and animals operate in their environment.
There are 3 types of consequences of behaviour: Positive reinforcement,
Negative reinforcement, punishment.
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
●● Introspection
Answer: Involved recording own conscious thoughts.
Aim was to break these thoughts down into their constituent parts.
Isolating the structure of consciousness in this way is known as
*Structuralism*
●● Origins of psychology - Evaluation
Answer: -Wundt's methods were unreliable:
- non observable responses
- hard to reproduce
-Introspection is inaccurate
+Scientific approach
- Brought objective systematic methods
,-Lab studies produce low ecological results
●● Assumption of the behaviourist approach
Answer: Blank slate
All behavior is learnt other than survival instincts
Animals can be used in research
No difference between man and brute
Rejection of introspection
Reliant upon lab experiments to maintain control and objectivity
2 forms of learning: classical and operant conditioning.
●● Classical conditioning
Answer: Learning through association
Pavlov research - dogs associate sound of bell with food if bell is rung
consistently before feeding.
, ●● Classical conditioning procedure
Answer: Before conditioning:
Unconditioned stimulus (Food) = unconditioned response (Salivation).
Neutral stimulus (Bell) = no conditioned response (No salivation).
During conditioning:
Neutral stimulus (Bell) + Unconditioned stimulus (Food) =
Unconditioned response (Salivation).
After Conditioning:
Conditioned stimulus (Bell) = Conditioned Response (Salivation)
●● Operant conditioning
Answer: Learning through consequences
Skinner (1953) suggested that learning is an active process where
humans and animals operate in their environment.
There are 3 types of consequences of behaviour: Positive reinforcement,
Negative reinforcement, punishment.
