TPATC & CFRN Comprehensive Final Review 2026 | 100%
Accurate Answers
1. What is the primary piece of equipment needed for an open cricothyrotomy
in a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3?
6.0-mm endotracheal tube
standard Shiley tracheostomy tube
gum elastic bougie
right-angle retractor
tracheal hook
2. What is the primary medical indication for the use of Dobutamine?
To treat infections in septic patients.
To reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
To increase cardiac output in patients with heart failure.
To manage pain in post-operative patients.
3. JB is a 38-year-old man who presented to the ICU with septic shock
pneumonia. After 12 hours, the patient remains hypotensive with a lactate
level of 5.2 mmol/L despite fluid resuscitation. What is the current
recommendation regarding his vasopressors?
Corticosteroid
Start epinephrine
Add vasopressin
Start phenylephrine
,4. What is the recommended action if lactate levels do not decrease by at least
10% in a patient with septic shock after treatment?
Switch to a different type of fluid resuscitation.
Increase the dosage of vasopressors immediately.
Consider reassessing the patient's hemodynamic status and
possibly initiating additional interventions.
Continue the same treatment without changes.
5. A nurse has an order to administer dobutamine (Dobutrex). What precautions
does the nurse need to take in administering this drug?
Administer via central line, never suddenly stop the infusion,
monitor hemodynamic status
Administer via central line, monitor VS q30min, never suddenly stop
the infusion
Administer via central line, monitor VS q30min
Administer via central life, monitor VS q30min, monitor hemodynamic
status
6. Describe the role of the gum elastic bougie in performing an open
cricothyrotomy.
The gum elastic bougie is used to administer medications during the
procedure.
The gum elastic bougie is used to retract the skin during the
procedure.
The gum elastic bougie is used to stabilize the airway after intubation.
The gum elastic bougie is used to facilitate the placement of the
endotracheal tube into the trachea during an open cricothyrotomy.
, The gum elastic bougie is used to measure the depth of the trachea.
7. The drug dobutamine is a β1 agonist. It can be used to:
Treat asthma
Treat hypertension
Treat heart failure in shock
Lower blood sugar in diabetes
8. A 45-year-old male with septic shock from necrotizing fasciitis has a lactate
level of 4.2 mmol/L on admission, which increased to 6.0 mmol/L after 3
hours of initial resuscitation. What does this lactate trend suggest, and what
should be the next step in management?
Inadequate tissue perfusion; reassess fluid and vasopressor therapy.
The infection is under control; continue current management.
Initiate corticosteroid therapy for presumed adrenal insufficiency.
Need for immediate surgical intervention to reduce source of
infection.
Transition to oral antibiotics and prepare for discharge.
9. In a patient experiencing acute heart failure with low cardiac output, how
would the administration of Milrinone impact their treatment plan?
It would require monitoring for increased heart rate and blood
pressure.
It would improve cardiac function and increase blood flow to vital
organs.
It would necessitate the immediate use of diuretics to counteract fluid
retention.
Accurate Answers
1. What is the primary piece of equipment needed for an open cricothyrotomy
in a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3?
6.0-mm endotracheal tube
standard Shiley tracheostomy tube
gum elastic bougie
right-angle retractor
tracheal hook
2. What is the primary medical indication for the use of Dobutamine?
To treat infections in septic patients.
To reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
To increase cardiac output in patients with heart failure.
To manage pain in post-operative patients.
3. JB is a 38-year-old man who presented to the ICU with septic shock
pneumonia. After 12 hours, the patient remains hypotensive with a lactate
level of 5.2 mmol/L despite fluid resuscitation. What is the current
recommendation regarding his vasopressors?
Corticosteroid
Start epinephrine
Add vasopressin
Start phenylephrine
,4. What is the recommended action if lactate levels do not decrease by at least
10% in a patient with septic shock after treatment?
Switch to a different type of fluid resuscitation.
Increase the dosage of vasopressors immediately.
Consider reassessing the patient's hemodynamic status and
possibly initiating additional interventions.
Continue the same treatment without changes.
5. A nurse has an order to administer dobutamine (Dobutrex). What precautions
does the nurse need to take in administering this drug?
Administer via central line, never suddenly stop the infusion,
monitor hemodynamic status
Administer via central line, monitor VS q30min, never suddenly stop
the infusion
Administer via central line, monitor VS q30min
Administer via central life, monitor VS q30min, monitor hemodynamic
status
6. Describe the role of the gum elastic bougie in performing an open
cricothyrotomy.
The gum elastic bougie is used to administer medications during the
procedure.
The gum elastic bougie is used to retract the skin during the
procedure.
The gum elastic bougie is used to stabilize the airway after intubation.
The gum elastic bougie is used to facilitate the placement of the
endotracheal tube into the trachea during an open cricothyrotomy.
, The gum elastic bougie is used to measure the depth of the trachea.
7. The drug dobutamine is a β1 agonist. It can be used to:
Treat asthma
Treat hypertension
Treat heart failure in shock
Lower blood sugar in diabetes
8. A 45-year-old male with septic shock from necrotizing fasciitis has a lactate
level of 4.2 mmol/L on admission, which increased to 6.0 mmol/L after 3
hours of initial resuscitation. What does this lactate trend suggest, and what
should be the next step in management?
Inadequate tissue perfusion; reassess fluid and vasopressor therapy.
The infection is under control; continue current management.
Initiate corticosteroid therapy for presumed adrenal insufficiency.
Need for immediate surgical intervention to reduce source of
infection.
Transition to oral antibiotics and prepare for discharge.
9. In a patient experiencing acute heart failure with low cardiac output, how
would the administration of Milrinone impact their treatment plan?
It would require monitoring for increased heart rate and blood
pressure.
It would improve cardiac function and increase blood flow to vital
organs.
It would necessitate the immediate use of diuretics to counteract fluid
retention.
