NGR 6141 Advanced Pathophysiology
QUIZ 1
1-Which of the following is a form of metaplasia that can occur in the human body?
a) Adipose cells are replaced by cells that cannot store lipids.
b) Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining are replaced by glandular cells similar
to those lining the stomach.
c) Metaplasia in the distal esophagus, as a result of acid reflux, involves replacement of
squamous epithelium with gastric mucosa cells.
d) Epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced with collagenous connective tissue.
e) Liver cells are replaced by squamous epithelial cells.
2- Other than the liver, which of the following organs is most commonly affected by ethanol
injury?
a) Stomach
b) Brain
c) Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver and the brain.
d) Kidneys
e) Heart
3- In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure
(hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a) atrophy.
b) dysplasia.
c) hyperplasia.
d) hypertrophy.
4-A contusion injury results in:
a) bleeding in the skin or underlying tissues.
b) tearing of the skin.
c) entrance and exit wounds.
d) the removal of superficial skin layers.
5-The major mechanism of injury in drowning is:
a) electrolyte imbalances.
b) free radical injury.
c) hypoxemia.
d) absorption of fluid from the lungs.
6- Which of the following cellular processes occurs during apoptosis?
a) Cell lysis
b) Cleavage of key cellular proteins
c) Cellular swelling
, d) Activation of inflammation
7-An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the
following organs?
a) Skeletal muscles
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Liver
8- The process by which cells program themselves to die is called:
a) necrosis.
b) karyolysis.
c) pyknosis.
d) apoptosis.
9-Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic injury leads to:
a) cellular adaptation.
b) autodigestion of cells.
c) cellular acidosis.
d) sodium influx.
10- A laceration in which the subcutaneous tissue is torn loose is called:
a) a contusion.
b) an incision.
c) an avulsion.
d) a hematoma.
11- Fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can result in:
a) mental retardation.
b) cancer.
c) Diabetes.
d) myocardial infarction.
12- Free radical injury can be caused by all of the following factors except:
a) tissue damage by antioxidants.
b) enzymatic metabolism of chemicals.
c) tissue reperfusion following ischemia.
d) radiation injury.
, 13- Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) is characterized by abnormal changes in all of the
following except:
a) cell size.
b) cell secretions.
c) cell organization.
d) cell shape.
14- Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by:
a) another type of cell.
b) abnormal cells of the same tissue type.
c) cancer cells.
d) scar tissue.
15- Liquefactive necrosis typically occurs after severe hypoxic injury to which of the following
organs?
a) Brain
b) Pancreas
c) Heart
d) Adrenals
16- Which of the following blunt injuries is most likely to result in severe external hemorrhage?
a) Abrasion
b) Avulsion.
c) Contusion
d) Stab wound
17- Which of the following molecules is likely to accumulate in any dead or dying tissues?
a) Melanin
b) Calcium
c) Uric acid
d) Protein
18- Why is carbon monoxide exposure a life-threatening condition?
a) Inhalation of carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen diffusion in the lungs.
b) Carbon dioxide removal from the tissues is inhibited.
c) Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin and prevents normal oxygen transport to tissues.
d) Carbon monoxide causes the release of toxic amounts of iron from the tissues.
, 19- Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
a) phagocytosis.
b) metaplasia.
c) enlargement of the uterus.
d) stem cell activation.
20- Which is a primary source of food contamination by cadmium in Japan?
a) Soil contamination from pesticides and fertilizers
b) Inhalation of automobile exhaust
c) Ingestion of paint chips from homes built before 1972
d) Ingestion of fish
21- Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a) protect cells from injury.
b) prevent cellular aging.
c) speed up cellular death.
d) treat disease.
22- Which of the following molecules accumulates in liver cells as a result of alcohol abuse?
a) Water
b) Protein
c) Iron
d) Fat (lipids
23- Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following mechanisms?
a) Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the brainstem.
b) Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
c) Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the brain by binding with hemoglobin.
d) Lead causes nervous tissue necrosis.
24- Restoration of oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues results in:
a) establishment of normal cell metabolism.
b) chemical injury.
c) reperfusion injury.
d) hypoxic injury.
25- Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?
a) Hypoxic injury
b) Cellular dehydration
c) Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d) Intracellular sodium loss
QUIZ 1
1-Which of the following is a form of metaplasia that can occur in the human body?
a) Adipose cells are replaced by cells that cannot store lipids.
b) Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining are replaced by glandular cells similar
to those lining the stomach.
c) Metaplasia in the distal esophagus, as a result of acid reflux, involves replacement of
squamous epithelium with gastric mucosa cells.
d) Epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced with collagenous connective tissue.
e) Liver cells are replaced by squamous epithelial cells.
2- Other than the liver, which of the following organs is most commonly affected by ethanol
injury?
a) Stomach
b) Brain
c) Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver and the brain.
d) Kidneys
e) Heart
3- In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure
(hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a) atrophy.
b) dysplasia.
c) hyperplasia.
d) hypertrophy.
4-A contusion injury results in:
a) bleeding in the skin or underlying tissues.
b) tearing of the skin.
c) entrance and exit wounds.
d) the removal of superficial skin layers.
5-The major mechanism of injury in drowning is:
a) electrolyte imbalances.
b) free radical injury.
c) hypoxemia.
d) absorption of fluid from the lungs.
6- Which of the following cellular processes occurs during apoptosis?
a) Cell lysis
b) Cleavage of key cellular proteins
c) Cellular swelling
, d) Activation of inflammation
7-An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the
following organs?
a) Skeletal muscles
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Liver
8- The process by which cells program themselves to die is called:
a) necrosis.
b) karyolysis.
c) pyknosis.
d) apoptosis.
9-Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic injury leads to:
a) cellular adaptation.
b) autodigestion of cells.
c) cellular acidosis.
d) sodium influx.
10- A laceration in which the subcutaneous tissue is torn loose is called:
a) a contusion.
b) an incision.
c) an avulsion.
d) a hematoma.
11- Fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can result in:
a) mental retardation.
b) cancer.
c) Diabetes.
d) myocardial infarction.
12- Free radical injury can be caused by all of the following factors except:
a) tissue damage by antioxidants.
b) enzymatic metabolism of chemicals.
c) tissue reperfusion following ischemia.
d) radiation injury.
, 13- Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) is characterized by abnormal changes in all of the
following except:
a) cell size.
b) cell secretions.
c) cell organization.
d) cell shape.
14- Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by:
a) another type of cell.
b) abnormal cells of the same tissue type.
c) cancer cells.
d) scar tissue.
15- Liquefactive necrosis typically occurs after severe hypoxic injury to which of the following
organs?
a) Brain
b) Pancreas
c) Heart
d) Adrenals
16- Which of the following blunt injuries is most likely to result in severe external hemorrhage?
a) Abrasion
b) Avulsion.
c) Contusion
d) Stab wound
17- Which of the following molecules is likely to accumulate in any dead or dying tissues?
a) Melanin
b) Calcium
c) Uric acid
d) Protein
18- Why is carbon monoxide exposure a life-threatening condition?
a) Inhalation of carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen diffusion in the lungs.
b) Carbon dioxide removal from the tissues is inhibited.
c) Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin and prevents normal oxygen transport to tissues.
d) Carbon monoxide causes the release of toxic amounts of iron from the tissues.
, 19- Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
a) phagocytosis.
b) metaplasia.
c) enlargement of the uterus.
d) stem cell activation.
20- Which is a primary source of food contamination by cadmium in Japan?
a) Soil contamination from pesticides and fertilizers
b) Inhalation of automobile exhaust
c) Ingestion of paint chips from homes built before 1972
d) Ingestion of fish
21- Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a) protect cells from injury.
b) prevent cellular aging.
c) speed up cellular death.
d) treat disease.
22- Which of the following molecules accumulates in liver cells as a result of alcohol abuse?
a) Water
b) Protein
c) Iron
d) Fat (lipids
23- Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following mechanisms?
a) Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the brainstem.
b) Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
c) Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the brain by binding with hemoglobin.
d) Lead causes nervous tissue necrosis.
24- Restoration of oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues results in:
a) establishment of normal cell metabolism.
b) chemical injury.
c) reperfusion injury.
d) hypoxic injury.
25- Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?
a) Hypoxic injury
b) Cellular dehydration
c) Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d) Intracellular sodium loss
