MCA 1 - Test #1 Inflammation, immune response,
infection, fluid & electrolytes, diabetes, delegation
Questions and Answers| Latest
Inflammatory Response
-Sequential response to cell injury
-Establishes an environment for healing and repair
-Inflammation is always present with infection, but infection is not always present
with inflammation - (think sprained ankle)
2 types of Inflammatory response
Vascular Response & Cellular response
Vascular Response
Initial vascular constriction followed by chemical mediated (histamine)
vasodilation/capillary permeability (redness, swelling, heat)
Cellular Response
-Neutrophils first to arrive - phagocytize bacteria and other foreign objects
-Dead neutrophils and bacteria are pus
-Monocytes transform into macrophages and clean the area for healing...
-Lymphocytes arrive later - humoral and cell mediated immunity
,Pus
Dead Neutrophils and bacteria
Chemical mediators
-Complement system - enzyme cascade mediates inflammation
-Prostaglandins & Leukotrienes - (think of meds used to treat inflammation -
leukotriene inhibitors)
Clinical manifestations of inflammation
-Heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function (due to pain & swelling)
-Increase and "shift to the left" (WBCs)
-Fever
Treatment for inflammation
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Drug therapy - NSAIDs, Tylenol
Regeneration (wound healing)
replacement of lost cells and tissues
Repair (wound healing)
Lost cells replaced with connective tissue - scar formation
,Primary Intention Healing
Incision with blood clot, edges approximated with suture, fine scare
Secondary Intention Healing
Irregular, large wound with blood clot; granulation tissue fills the wound; large
scar
Tertiary Intention Healing
Contaminated wound; allow granulation tissue to build; delayed closure with
suture
Complications with wound healing
adhesions, contractions, dehiscence, eviscerations, fistula, infection, hemorrhage,
hypertrophic scars, keloid
Adhesions
band of scar tissue that form between or around organs
contractions
normal part of healing
dehiscence
separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges
, evisceration
occurs when wound edges separate to extent that intestines protrude through
wound
fistula
abnormal passage between organs or hollow organ and skin
infection
increased risk of infection when wounds contain necrotic tissue or blood supply is
low, patient immune function is low, undernutrition, multiple stressors, and
hyperglycemia
hemorrhage
abnormal internal or external blood loss
hypertrophic scars
inappropriately large, raised red and hard scars; occurs when an overabundance
of collagen is produced during healing
keloid formation
great protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond wound edges and may form
tumor like masses of scar tissue
infection, fluid & electrolytes, diabetes, delegation
Questions and Answers| Latest
Inflammatory Response
-Sequential response to cell injury
-Establishes an environment for healing and repair
-Inflammation is always present with infection, but infection is not always present
with inflammation - (think sprained ankle)
2 types of Inflammatory response
Vascular Response & Cellular response
Vascular Response
Initial vascular constriction followed by chemical mediated (histamine)
vasodilation/capillary permeability (redness, swelling, heat)
Cellular Response
-Neutrophils first to arrive - phagocytize bacteria and other foreign objects
-Dead neutrophils and bacteria are pus
-Monocytes transform into macrophages and clean the area for healing...
-Lymphocytes arrive later - humoral and cell mediated immunity
,Pus
Dead Neutrophils and bacteria
Chemical mediators
-Complement system - enzyme cascade mediates inflammation
-Prostaglandins & Leukotrienes - (think of meds used to treat inflammation -
leukotriene inhibitors)
Clinical manifestations of inflammation
-Heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function (due to pain & swelling)
-Increase and "shift to the left" (WBCs)
-Fever
Treatment for inflammation
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Drug therapy - NSAIDs, Tylenol
Regeneration (wound healing)
replacement of lost cells and tissues
Repair (wound healing)
Lost cells replaced with connective tissue - scar formation
,Primary Intention Healing
Incision with blood clot, edges approximated with suture, fine scare
Secondary Intention Healing
Irregular, large wound with blood clot; granulation tissue fills the wound; large
scar
Tertiary Intention Healing
Contaminated wound; allow granulation tissue to build; delayed closure with
suture
Complications with wound healing
adhesions, contractions, dehiscence, eviscerations, fistula, infection, hemorrhage,
hypertrophic scars, keloid
Adhesions
band of scar tissue that form between or around organs
contractions
normal part of healing
dehiscence
separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges
, evisceration
occurs when wound edges separate to extent that intestines protrude through
wound
fistula
abnormal passage between organs or hollow organ and skin
infection
increased risk of infection when wounds contain necrotic tissue or blood supply is
low, patient immune function is low, undernutrition, multiple stressors, and
hyperglycemia
hemorrhage
abnormal internal or external blood loss
hypertrophic scars
inappropriately large, raised red and hard scars; occurs when an overabundance
of collagen is produced during healing
keloid formation
great protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond wound edges and may form
tumor like masses of scar tissue
