1|Page
AAOS EMT 12TH EDITION FINAL ACTUAL
EXAM PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK
|NEW AND REVISED
What is abandonment? - ANSWER- Abandonment is the unilateral
termination of care by an EMT without the patients consent and without
making any provisions for continuing care by a medical professional
who is competent to provide care for the patient.
What is the difference between assault and battery? - ANSWER-
Assault: Threat of harm or creating fear of harm (no physical contact).
Battery: Actual physical contact or offensive force (with or without
harm).
What are the (4) types of consent? - ANSWER- Expressed Consent:
Clear, verbal, or written agreement from the patient.
Informed Consent: Patient understands and agrees to treatment after
being fully informed of risks.
Implied Consent: Assumed consent in emergencies when the patient
cannot communicate.
Involuntary Consent: Consent given by a legal guardian or
representative when the patient cannot consent themselves.
,2|Page
What are the 3 planes of the body? - ANSWER- Sagittal- left/right
Transverse- top/bottom
Frontal- front/back
What are the body systems and what do they do? - ANSWER-
Circulatory: Heart and blood vessels transport materials.
Respiratory: Lungs provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Musculoskeletal: Bones and muscles for movement and support.
Nervous: Brain and nerves control body functions.
Digestive: Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
Endocrine: Glands regulate hormones and metabolism.
Urinary: Kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
Immune: Defends against infections and disease.
Reproductive: Reproduction and continuation of species.
Integumentary: Skin and sensory functions.
Lymphatic: Fluid balance and immune support.
Proximal vs Distal - ANSWER- Proximal = closer to the torso
Distal = parts away from the torso
Anterior vs. Posterior - ANSWER- Anterior (front), posterior (back)
,3|Page
Medial vs. Lateral - ANSWER- Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Superior vs. Inferior - ANSWER- Superior - closer to the head
Inferior - closer to the feet
List the steps of blood flow through the heart - ANSWER-
superior/inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right
ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs for
Oxygen/Carbon dioxide exchange - back to the heart via the pulmonary
veins - left atrium - bicuspid (mitral) valve - left ventricle - aortic valve -
aorta - body
What are the types of Muscles? - ANSWER- Skeletal Muscle:
Voluntary, striated, attached to bones for body movement.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated, found in the heart, pumps blood.
Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in hollow organs,
moves substances like food or blood.
How does breathing work? - ANSWER- As the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract, the chest size increases causing air to enter
the lungs. As the same muscles relax, the size of the chest decreases
thereby increasing the intrathoracic pressure causing air within the lungs
to be exhaled.
, 4|Page
What key differences does a pediatric airway have in comparison to an
adult airway? - ANSWER- Size and Proportion: Pediatric airways are
smaller and more prone to obstruction.
Larynx Position: Higher and more anterior in children.
Trachea: Shorter, more pliable, and less rigid in children.
Epiglottis: Larger, floppy, and U-shaped in children.
sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER- Hypoxic drive is a respiratory
control mechanism where low oxygen levels (hypoxia), rather than high
CO₂ levels, stimulate breathing.
What is the difference between arteries, veins and capillaries? -
ANSWER- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, have
thick walls, small lumens, and high-pressure flow.
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, have thinner walls,
larger lumens, and low-pressure flow with valves to prevent backflow.
Capillaries: Facilitate gas exchange and nutrient/waste exchange, have
very thin walls and small lumens, and allow slow blood flow for
efficient exchange.
What are the 4 abdominal quadrants? - ANSWER- RUQ, LUQ, RLQ,
LLQ
AAOS EMT 12TH EDITION FINAL ACTUAL
EXAM PREP 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK
|NEW AND REVISED
What is abandonment? - ANSWER- Abandonment is the unilateral
termination of care by an EMT without the patients consent and without
making any provisions for continuing care by a medical professional
who is competent to provide care for the patient.
What is the difference between assault and battery? - ANSWER-
Assault: Threat of harm or creating fear of harm (no physical contact).
Battery: Actual physical contact or offensive force (with or without
harm).
What are the (4) types of consent? - ANSWER- Expressed Consent:
Clear, verbal, or written agreement from the patient.
Informed Consent: Patient understands and agrees to treatment after
being fully informed of risks.
Implied Consent: Assumed consent in emergencies when the patient
cannot communicate.
Involuntary Consent: Consent given by a legal guardian or
representative when the patient cannot consent themselves.
,2|Page
What are the 3 planes of the body? - ANSWER- Sagittal- left/right
Transverse- top/bottom
Frontal- front/back
What are the body systems and what do they do? - ANSWER-
Circulatory: Heart and blood vessels transport materials.
Respiratory: Lungs provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Musculoskeletal: Bones and muscles for movement and support.
Nervous: Brain and nerves control body functions.
Digestive: Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
Endocrine: Glands regulate hormones and metabolism.
Urinary: Kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid balance.
Immune: Defends against infections and disease.
Reproductive: Reproduction and continuation of species.
Integumentary: Skin and sensory functions.
Lymphatic: Fluid balance and immune support.
Proximal vs Distal - ANSWER- Proximal = closer to the torso
Distal = parts away from the torso
Anterior vs. Posterior - ANSWER- Anterior (front), posterior (back)
,3|Page
Medial vs. Lateral - ANSWER- Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Superior vs. Inferior - ANSWER- Superior - closer to the head
Inferior - closer to the feet
List the steps of blood flow through the heart - ANSWER-
superior/inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right
ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs for
Oxygen/Carbon dioxide exchange - back to the heart via the pulmonary
veins - left atrium - bicuspid (mitral) valve - left ventricle - aortic valve -
aorta - body
What are the types of Muscles? - ANSWER- Skeletal Muscle:
Voluntary, striated, attached to bones for body movement.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated, found in the heart, pumps blood.
Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in hollow organs,
moves substances like food or blood.
How does breathing work? - ANSWER- As the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract, the chest size increases causing air to enter
the lungs. As the same muscles relax, the size of the chest decreases
thereby increasing the intrathoracic pressure causing air within the lungs
to be exhaled.
, 4|Page
What key differences does a pediatric airway have in comparison to an
adult airway? - ANSWER- Size and Proportion: Pediatric airways are
smaller and more prone to obstruction.
Larynx Position: Higher and more anterior in children.
Trachea: Shorter, more pliable, and less rigid in children.
Epiglottis: Larger, floppy, and U-shaped in children.
sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER- Hypoxic drive is a respiratory
control mechanism where low oxygen levels (hypoxia), rather than high
CO₂ levels, stimulate breathing.
What is the difference between arteries, veins and capillaries? -
ANSWER- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, have
thick walls, small lumens, and high-pressure flow.
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, have thinner walls,
larger lumens, and low-pressure flow with valves to prevent backflow.
Capillaries: Facilitate gas exchange and nutrient/waste exchange, have
very thin walls and small lumens, and allow slow blood flow for
efficient exchange.
What are the 4 abdominal quadrants? - ANSWER- RUQ, LUQ, RLQ,
LLQ
