Biol 271 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
• Compensation depth Correct Answers depth at which
photosynthetic rate is equal to the respiration rate
• Critical depth Correct Answers depth at which gross
photosynthetic rate equals the respiration rate over 24 hours.
Takes hydrography into account and always exceeds comp depth
A physoclist Correct Answers has degenerated ducts and gets
gas from the blood. It is soft walled, with the gas under pressure.
They move air from the low density in the blood to high tension
in the sac by use of the rete mirabile. The areterial supply splits
into straight parallel capillaries.
A physostome Correct Answers is connected to the oesophagus
via the gut and is usually found in shallow-living fish that can
gulp air from the surface. It is impractical for deeper-living fish
Abiotic factors Correct Answers physical gradients, thermal
stress (desiccation), UV, and thermal and UV are though to be
largely the determining factors for upper limits.
abiotic factors affecting mangroves Correct Answers salt and
anoxia
acquire zooxanthellae Correct Answers Most coral species
acquire zooxanthellae from the seawater after larvae settlement.
Zooxanthellae can infect either as freeswimming motile
zoospores or can be uptaken as cysts on food. Alternatively the
,coral may implant the zooxanthellae in their eggs during
gametogenesis.
Adaptations Correct Answers adapt to temperature, light,
oxygen concentration, salinity, and fluctuations of these in their
environment. In some of the environments the fluctuations can
be intense. Adaptations can also be used to defend against
pregatirs and reduce competitions. Adaptations also have to
ensure reproduction and dispersal.
Adaptations of deep sea organisms Correct Answers • No
airspaces
• Black or red
• Large eggs
• Tabular eyes
• Large mouths
• Large teeth
• Strong olfactory senses
• Bioluminescent organs
adaptations of rocky shore organisms Correct Answers • Small
streamlined bodies
• Strong attachment
• Thicker shells
• Go with the flow
• Hide in crevice or under canopy
Advantages of Asexual reproduction Correct Answers • Much
quicker, many offspring
• Take advantage of resources quickly
• Don't need to find a mate
,• No need for dispersal to maintain species
• More reliable
• High chance of offspring survival
Advantages of elevated body temp include Correct Answers
muscle contraction speed, faster swimming, catching of fast
prey, independence from depth related water temperature
changes, more rapid digestion
Advantages of sexual reproduction Correct Answers • Creates
genetic diversity at a population level
• Creates greater genetic diversity in offspring
• Greater average fitness
• Purging of deleterious mutations
• Advantage in competitive situations
Ammonia excretion Correct Answers Marine organisms can
excrete ammonia discretely to the environment
Amphipods Correct Answers • Sub orders; Gammaridae,
hyperiidae
• Diverse life strategies
• Can be detritovores, omnivores, herbivores, parasitic or
carnivores
• Small and delicate
• Large number of species
• Poorly known both systemically and ecologically
anoxia Correct Answers • Shallow rooted
• Prop roots
• Pneumatophores
, • Large lenticels on roots/shoots- small hydrophobic pores to
facilitate gas exchange
Antarctic circulation Correct Answers The Antarctic
convergence is called a polar front. The polar front is a nutrient
poor and a sudden change in temp leads to a low diversity. The
circumpolar current is the largest in the world. The Antarctic
Divergence is nutrient rich leading to high productivity. The
polar front is a boundary.
Antarctic fish Groups Correct Answers • Eelpouts
• Snail fishes
• Notothenoids
Antarctic upwelling Correct Answers In winter ice causes light
limitation and low production. In summer less light limitation
causes a huge peak in production. There is 100x more
productive than artic waters due to the Antarctic divergence.
Antarctica has 2 major currents. The east wind drift travels
anticlockwise around Antarctica while the west wind drift
travels clockwise. Both currents are diverted left due to the
Coriolis force. This results I the divergence of the currents
which causes upwelling of nutrient water. The nutrient rich
water supports the food webs for the massive diversity of life in
Antarctica.
Anthopogenic impacts on both saltmarshes and mangroves
Correct Answers • Drainage
• Herbicides
• Sedimentation
• Freshwater
• Compensation depth Correct Answers depth at which
photosynthetic rate is equal to the respiration rate
• Critical depth Correct Answers depth at which gross
photosynthetic rate equals the respiration rate over 24 hours.
Takes hydrography into account and always exceeds comp depth
A physoclist Correct Answers has degenerated ducts and gets
gas from the blood. It is soft walled, with the gas under pressure.
They move air from the low density in the blood to high tension
in the sac by use of the rete mirabile. The areterial supply splits
into straight parallel capillaries.
A physostome Correct Answers is connected to the oesophagus
via the gut and is usually found in shallow-living fish that can
gulp air from the surface. It is impractical for deeper-living fish
Abiotic factors Correct Answers physical gradients, thermal
stress (desiccation), UV, and thermal and UV are though to be
largely the determining factors for upper limits.
abiotic factors affecting mangroves Correct Answers salt and
anoxia
acquire zooxanthellae Correct Answers Most coral species
acquire zooxanthellae from the seawater after larvae settlement.
Zooxanthellae can infect either as freeswimming motile
zoospores or can be uptaken as cysts on food. Alternatively the
,coral may implant the zooxanthellae in their eggs during
gametogenesis.
Adaptations Correct Answers adapt to temperature, light,
oxygen concentration, salinity, and fluctuations of these in their
environment. In some of the environments the fluctuations can
be intense. Adaptations can also be used to defend against
pregatirs and reduce competitions. Adaptations also have to
ensure reproduction and dispersal.
Adaptations of deep sea organisms Correct Answers • No
airspaces
• Black or red
• Large eggs
• Tabular eyes
• Large mouths
• Large teeth
• Strong olfactory senses
• Bioluminescent organs
adaptations of rocky shore organisms Correct Answers • Small
streamlined bodies
• Strong attachment
• Thicker shells
• Go with the flow
• Hide in crevice or under canopy
Advantages of Asexual reproduction Correct Answers • Much
quicker, many offspring
• Take advantage of resources quickly
• Don't need to find a mate
,• No need for dispersal to maintain species
• More reliable
• High chance of offspring survival
Advantages of elevated body temp include Correct Answers
muscle contraction speed, faster swimming, catching of fast
prey, independence from depth related water temperature
changes, more rapid digestion
Advantages of sexual reproduction Correct Answers • Creates
genetic diversity at a population level
• Creates greater genetic diversity in offspring
• Greater average fitness
• Purging of deleterious mutations
• Advantage in competitive situations
Ammonia excretion Correct Answers Marine organisms can
excrete ammonia discretely to the environment
Amphipods Correct Answers • Sub orders; Gammaridae,
hyperiidae
• Diverse life strategies
• Can be detritovores, omnivores, herbivores, parasitic or
carnivores
• Small and delicate
• Large number of species
• Poorly known both systemically and ecologically
anoxia Correct Answers • Shallow rooted
• Prop roots
• Pneumatophores
, • Large lenticels on roots/shoots- small hydrophobic pores to
facilitate gas exchange
Antarctic circulation Correct Answers The Antarctic
convergence is called a polar front. The polar front is a nutrient
poor and a sudden change in temp leads to a low diversity. The
circumpolar current is the largest in the world. The Antarctic
Divergence is nutrient rich leading to high productivity. The
polar front is a boundary.
Antarctic fish Groups Correct Answers • Eelpouts
• Snail fishes
• Notothenoids
Antarctic upwelling Correct Answers In winter ice causes light
limitation and low production. In summer less light limitation
causes a huge peak in production. There is 100x more
productive than artic waters due to the Antarctic divergence.
Antarctica has 2 major currents. The east wind drift travels
anticlockwise around Antarctica while the west wind drift
travels clockwise. Both currents are diverted left due to the
Coriolis force. This results I the divergence of the currents
which causes upwelling of nutrient water. The nutrient rich
water supports the food webs for the massive diversity of life in
Antarctica.
Anthopogenic impacts on both saltmarshes and mangroves
Correct Answers • Drainage
• Herbicides
• Sedimentation
• Freshwater
