NUR 111 FINAL EXAM ALL MODULES | FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Pre-interactive phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Begins before the
nurse's first contact w/the patient. The nurse's role is self-exploration and gathering data about
the patient.
Introductory or orientation phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔When the
nurse & client first meet. The nurse seeks to find out why the client sought help. The tasks
during this phase are to establish trust, understanding, acceptance, open communication and
formulate a contract with the patient.
The working phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Where most of the
therapeutic work is carried out. The nurse & patient explore stressors and promote the
development of insight in the patient by linking perceptions, thoughts, feelings and actions.
Termination phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔The most difficult, a
summarizing process, discuss termination and allow time for patient adjustment to
independence. Also a time to exchange feelings and memories and to mutually evaluate the
patients progress and goal attainment.
Communication skills needed by a nurse during the working phase of a nurse-patient
relationship - correct answer ✔✔Empathetic listening and responding, respect, genuineness,
concreteness (holding the patient accountable), reflecting, paraphrasing, clarifying and
confronting.
Elements of the communication process - correct answer ✔✔Communication involves the
sender, aka the source encoder. Encoding involves the selection of signs or symbols to transmit
the message, such as which language to use or how to arrange the words. The message is the
second component and is conveyed via a channel (i.e. talking face to face or writing a message).
The third component is the receiver who must listen or observe. The receiver is also the
,decoder and must perceive what message the sender intended. The fourth component is the
response or feedback which allows the sender to correct or reword a message
Verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔Uses the spoken or written word and includes
noticing things such as pace of speech, intonation (tone of voice), simplicity, clarity (saying
precisely what is meant) and brevity (using the fewest words possible), timing & relevance,
adaptability, credibility and humor.
Non-verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔Uses other forms such as gestures, facial
expression and touch known as body language which is less controlled than verbal behavior
because it reinforces or contradicts what is said. Body language requires a systematic
assessment of the overall physical appearance, posture, gait (how the patient walks/moves),
facial expressions and gestures. Patients with autism have a hard time decoding non-verbal
behavior. Patients w/communication problems rely on non-verbal communication such as sign
language or reading lips for deaf/hoh, finger taps, eye blinks or object boards for expressive
aphasia.
Factors that influence the communication process - correct answer ✔✔Development, gender,
values & perceptions, personal space, territoriality, roles and relationships, environment,
congruence and attitudes. Development - age of the client. Gender - males vs. females
communicate in very different ways. Territoriality - patients claiming items in the hospital room
as their own. Roles and relationships - nursing student & instructor, client & primary care
provider or parent & child. Environment - must be comfortable, temperature extremes or
excessive noise can be barriers. Congruence - when the verbal & nonverbal aspects of the
communication match.
Communicating w/children - correct answer ✔✔For young children, they need plenty of time to
be able to verbalize their thoughts. Adults should ask simple questions, provide simple answers
and use one-step directions due to the child's short attention span. Avoid sudden or rapid
advances, threatening gestures or prolonged eye contact. Communicate through transitional
objects such as a stuffed animal. Speak in a quiet, unhurried, confident tone. For school age
children, talk to the child at eye level and try to include the child in the conversation if the
parents or caretakers are present. Be honest and offer a choice only when one exists.
,Communicating w/adolescents - correct answer ✔✔Allow time to build rapport. Be honest and
offer a choice only when one exists. Use active listening skills and be non-judgmental or non-
reactive if the adolescent makes disturbing comments.
Communicating w/elderly patients - correct answer ✔✔Ensure the client is using assistive
devices like glasses or hearing aids and that they are in working order. Use communication aids
such as communication boards, or pictures, when possible. Speak in short, simple sentences
and focus on one subject at a time. Always face the client because coming up behind someone
can be frightening. Include family & friends in conversation. Reminisce with the client to
maintain memory connections, enhance self-identity & self-esteem. When verbal & non-verbal
communication is incongruent, believe the non-verbal. Find out what is important and has
meaning to the client and try to maintain these things as much as possible.
Primary group - correct answer ✔✔Small & intimate. Personal, spontaneous, sentimental,
cooperative and inclusive. Communicate primarily face to face. Support each other in times of
stress.
Secondary groups - correct answer ✔✔Larger and less personal, less sentimental. Once group
goal has been achieved the group usually disbands. Members don't have to know each other.
Communication is not always face to face. Member expectations administered through
impersonal controls & external restraints (i.e. NUR 111 class)
Formal groups - correct answer ✔✔Rigidity of purpose, rules & authority comes from above,
managers are symbol of authority, power (i.e. corporations)
Semi-formal groups - correct answer ✔✔Prestige, status often accrued from membership (i.e.
country clubs)
Informal groups - correct answer ✔✔Not bound by rules & regulations, ideal testing ground for
leadership techniques
Functions of groups - correct answer ✔✔• Socialization
, • Support
• Task completion
• Camaraderie
• Information
• Normative function - Boy Scouts, Church groups
• Empowerment - support group or education group, AA or NA
• Governance - Political
Features of an effective group - correct answer ✔✔• Goal accomplishment
• Maintaining cohesion
• Develop & modify structure to improve effectiveness
Physical conditions that influence groups - correct answer ✔✔• Privacy
• Comfort of room and seating
• Ability of everyone to have eye contact
• Environmental noise level
• Temperature
• Lighting
Group dynamics - correct answer ✔✔1. Commitment
2. Decision making ability, effective decisions are made when group listens to members ideas,
members satisfied with their participation, problem solving is facilitated, group atmosphere is
positive, time is well used, using expertise of members, members committed to decisions and
responsible for implementation of decisions
3. Member behavior & their different roles, information givers/seekers, opinion givers,
coordinator, initiator-contributor, energizer and evaluator
4. Cohesiveness - the attachment that members feel for each other & the group
AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Pre-interactive phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Begins before the
nurse's first contact w/the patient. The nurse's role is self-exploration and gathering data about
the patient.
Introductory or orientation phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔When the
nurse & client first meet. The nurse seeks to find out why the client sought help. The tasks
during this phase are to establish trust, understanding, acceptance, open communication and
formulate a contract with the patient.
The working phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Where most of the
therapeutic work is carried out. The nurse & patient explore stressors and promote the
development of insight in the patient by linking perceptions, thoughts, feelings and actions.
Termination phase of a nurse-patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔The most difficult, a
summarizing process, discuss termination and allow time for patient adjustment to
independence. Also a time to exchange feelings and memories and to mutually evaluate the
patients progress and goal attainment.
Communication skills needed by a nurse during the working phase of a nurse-patient
relationship - correct answer ✔✔Empathetic listening and responding, respect, genuineness,
concreteness (holding the patient accountable), reflecting, paraphrasing, clarifying and
confronting.
Elements of the communication process - correct answer ✔✔Communication involves the
sender, aka the source encoder. Encoding involves the selection of signs or symbols to transmit
the message, such as which language to use or how to arrange the words. The message is the
second component and is conveyed via a channel (i.e. talking face to face or writing a message).
The third component is the receiver who must listen or observe. The receiver is also the
,decoder and must perceive what message the sender intended. The fourth component is the
response or feedback which allows the sender to correct or reword a message
Verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔Uses the spoken or written word and includes
noticing things such as pace of speech, intonation (tone of voice), simplicity, clarity (saying
precisely what is meant) and brevity (using the fewest words possible), timing & relevance,
adaptability, credibility and humor.
Non-verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔Uses other forms such as gestures, facial
expression and touch known as body language which is less controlled than verbal behavior
because it reinforces or contradicts what is said. Body language requires a systematic
assessment of the overall physical appearance, posture, gait (how the patient walks/moves),
facial expressions and gestures. Patients with autism have a hard time decoding non-verbal
behavior. Patients w/communication problems rely on non-verbal communication such as sign
language or reading lips for deaf/hoh, finger taps, eye blinks or object boards for expressive
aphasia.
Factors that influence the communication process - correct answer ✔✔Development, gender,
values & perceptions, personal space, territoriality, roles and relationships, environment,
congruence and attitudes. Development - age of the client. Gender - males vs. females
communicate in very different ways. Territoriality - patients claiming items in the hospital room
as their own. Roles and relationships - nursing student & instructor, client & primary care
provider or parent & child. Environment - must be comfortable, temperature extremes or
excessive noise can be barriers. Congruence - when the verbal & nonverbal aspects of the
communication match.
Communicating w/children - correct answer ✔✔For young children, they need plenty of time to
be able to verbalize their thoughts. Adults should ask simple questions, provide simple answers
and use one-step directions due to the child's short attention span. Avoid sudden or rapid
advances, threatening gestures or prolonged eye contact. Communicate through transitional
objects such as a stuffed animal. Speak in a quiet, unhurried, confident tone. For school age
children, talk to the child at eye level and try to include the child in the conversation if the
parents or caretakers are present. Be honest and offer a choice only when one exists.
,Communicating w/adolescents - correct answer ✔✔Allow time to build rapport. Be honest and
offer a choice only when one exists. Use active listening skills and be non-judgmental or non-
reactive if the adolescent makes disturbing comments.
Communicating w/elderly patients - correct answer ✔✔Ensure the client is using assistive
devices like glasses or hearing aids and that they are in working order. Use communication aids
such as communication boards, or pictures, when possible. Speak in short, simple sentences
and focus on one subject at a time. Always face the client because coming up behind someone
can be frightening. Include family & friends in conversation. Reminisce with the client to
maintain memory connections, enhance self-identity & self-esteem. When verbal & non-verbal
communication is incongruent, believe the non-verbal. Find out what is important and has
meaning to the client and try to maintain these things as much as possible.
Primary group - correct answer ✔✔Small & intimate. Personal, spontaneous, sentimental,
cooperative and inclusive. Communicate primarily face to face. Support each other in times of
stress.
Secondary groups - correct answer ✔✔Larger and less personal, less sentimental. Once group
goal has been achieved the group usually disbands. Members don't have to know each other.
Communication is not always face to face. Member expectations administered through
impersonal controls & external restraints (i.e. NUR 111 class)
Formal groups - correct answer ✔✔Rigidity of purpose, rules & authority comes from above,
managers are symbol of authority, power (i.e. corporations)
Semi-formal groups - correct answer ✔✔Prestige, status often accrued from membership (i.e.
country clubs)
Informal groups - correct answer ✔✔Not bound by rules & regulations, ideal testing ground for
leadership techniques
Functions of groups - correct answer ✔✔• Socialization
, • Support
• Task completion
• Camaraderie
• Information
• Normative function - Boy Scouts, Church groups
• Empowerment - support group or education group, AA or NA
• Governance - Political
Features of an effective group - correct answer ✔✔• Goal accomplishment
• Maintaining cohesion
• Develop & modify structure to improve effectiveness
Physical conditions that influence groups - correct answer ✔✔• Privacy
• Comfort of room and seating
• Ability of everyone to have eye contact
• Environmental noise level
• Temperature
• Lighting
Group dynamics - correct answer ✔✔1. Commitment
2. Decision making ability, effective decisions are made when group listens to members ideas,
members satisfied with their participation, problem solving is facilitated, group atmosphere is
positive, time is well used, using expertise of members, members committed to decisions and
responsible for implementation of decisions
3. Member behavior & their different roles, information givers/seekers, opinion givers,
coordinator, initiator-contributor, energizer and evaluator
4. Cohesiveness - the attachment that members feel for each other & the group
