APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY A
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE
MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 3RD EDITION
BRAUN WITH ANSWER KEY SOLVED
QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION REVIEW
SHEET
⩥ What are the S&S of ARDS?
Answer: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
⩥ What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Answer: Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
⩥ What is cystic fibrosis?
Answer: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
⩥ Changes with an asthma attack:
Answer: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
,⩥ How do you interpret ABG's?
Answer: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than
45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more
than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
⩥ Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Answer: Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
⩥ Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Answer: Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
⩥ Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Answer: Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
⩥ Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Answer: Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, ⩥ What are signs of renal cancer?
Answer: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
⩥ How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Answer: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
⩥ What do you call kidney pain?
Answer: Nephralgia
⩥ What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Answer: Creatinine
⩥ What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Answer: E. coli
⩥ What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Answer: Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
⩥ What causes acute intrarenal failure?
Answer: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE
MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 3RD EDITION
BRAUN WITH ANSWER KEY SOLVED
QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION REVIEW
SHEET
⩥ What are the S&S of ARDS?
Answer: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close),
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
⩥ What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
Answer: Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
⩥ What is cystic fibrosis?
Answer: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
⩥ Changes with an asthma attack:
Answer: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea
(rapid breathing)
,⩥ How do you interpret ABG's?
Answer: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than
45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more
than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
⩥ Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Answer: Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
⩥ Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
Answer: Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
⩥ Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Answer: Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
⩥ Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
Answer: Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, ⩥ What are signs of renal cancer?
Answer: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
⩥ How do you manage end stage renal disease?
Answer: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give
Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
⩥ What do you call kidney pain?
Answer: Nephralgia
⩥ What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Answer: Creatinine
⩥ What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
Answer: E. coli
⩥ What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Answer: Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
⩥ What causes acute intrarenal failure?
Answer: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
