HARTMAN'S CNA CHAPTER 4 TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |LATEST EXAM UPDATE 2026/2027
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1-100
Question 1
What is the term for the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best?
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertension
🟢 B. Homeostasis
🔴 RATIONALE: Homeostasis is defined as the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and
working at their best. This is a fundamental concept of body function .
Question 2
Which of the following is a normal age-related change for the circulatory system?
A. Heart pumps more efficiently
B. Blood vessels widen
C. Heart pumps less efficiently
D. Blood flow increases
🟢 C. Heart pumps less efficiently
🔴 RATIONALE: As part of normal aging, the heart muscle pumps less efficiently, and blood flow to the body
decreases. This is a normal physiological change .
,Question 3
Where should a nursing assistant stand when assisting a resident with one-sided weakness after a stroke?
A. On the resident's stronger side
B. On the resident's weaker side
C. Directly behind the resident
D. In front of the resident
🟢 B. On the resident's weaker side
🔴 RATIONALE: The NA should stand on the resident's weaker side to provide support and protection during
transfers and ambulation. Standing on the stronger side does not protect the weaker side .
Question 4
What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a female resident?
A. Decreased thirst
B. Weight gain
C. Painful urination
D. Decreased urination
🟢 C. Painful urination
🔴 RATIONALE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly cause dysuria, or painful urination, along with
frequency and urgency. This is a key sign for CNAs to report .
Question 5
The eye and ear are parts of which body system?
A. The integumentary system
B. The nervous system
C. The respiratory system
D. The circulatory system
,🟢 B. The nervous system
🔴 RATIONALE: The eyes and ears are sensory organs that are part of the nervous system. They receive stimuli
and send information to the brain for processing .
Question 6
What does the abbreviation 'NWB' mean on a resident's care plan?
A. Not Walking Barefoot
B. Non-weight bearing
C. Needs Walking Belt
D. Near Water Basin
🟢 B. Non-weight bearing
🔴 RATIONALE: NWB is the medical abbreviation for non-weight bearing, meaning the resident is unable to
support any weight on one or both legs .
Question 7
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A. To pump blood throughout the body
B. To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
C. To digest food and absorb nutrients
D. To control and coordinate body functions
🟢 B. To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
🔴 RATIONALE: The respiratory system's primary function is to exchange gases, bringing oxygen into the body
and expelling carbon dioxide .
Question 8
What is the term for a muscle wasting away, decreasing in size, and becoming weak?
A. Contracture
, B. Atrophy
C. Arthritis
D. Osteoporosis
🟢 B. Atrophy
🔴 RATIONALE: Atrophy is the medical term for the wasting away, decrease in size, and weakening of a muscle,
often due to disuse or disease .
Question 9
When assisting a resident who has had a hip replacement with dressing, which side should the NA dress first?
A. The stronger side
B. The weaker (affected) side
C. The left side
D. The right side
🟢 B. The weaker (affected) side
🔴 RATIONALE: When dressing a resident after a hip replacement, the NA should dress the weaker or affected
side first and undress it last to minimize movement and stress on the joint .
Question 10
Which of the following is a normal change of aging for the integumentary system?
A. Skin becomes more elastic
B. Skin becomes thicker and less fragile
C. Skin becomes thinner and drier
D. Nails become softer and more flexible
🟢 C. Skin becomes thinner and drier
🔴 RATIONALE: As a person ages, the skin becomes thinner, drier, more fragile, and less elastic. Wrinkles and
brown spots may also appear .
PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |LATEST EXAM UPDATE 2026/2027
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1-100
Question 1
What is the term for the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best?
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertension
🟢 B. Homeostasis
🔴 RATIONALE: Homeostasis is defined as the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and
working at their best. This is a fundamental concept of body function .
Question 2
Which of the following is a normal age-related change for the circulatory system?
A. Heart pumps more efficiently
B. Blood vessels widen
C. Heart pumps less efficiently
D. Blood flow increases
🟢 C. Heart pumps less efficiently
🔴 RATIONALE: As part of normal aging, the heart muscle pumps less efficiently, and blood flow to the body
decreases. This is a normal physiological change .
,Question 3
Where should a nursing assistant stand when assisting a resident with one-sided weakness after a stroke?
A. On the resident's stronger side
B. On the resident's weaker side
C. Directly behind the resident
D. In front of the resident
🟢 B. On the resident's weaker side
🔴 RATIONALE: The NA should stand on the resident's weaker side to provide support and protection during
transfers and ambulation. Standing on the stronger side does not protect the weaker side .
Question 4
What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a female resident?
A. Decreased thirst
B. Weight gain
C. Painful urination
D. Decreased urination
🟢 C. Painful urination
🔴 RATIONALE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly cause dysuria, or painful urination, along with
frequency and urgency. This is a key sign for CNAs to report .
Question 5
The eye and ear are parts of which body system?
A. The integumentary system
B. The nervous system
C. The respiratory system
D. The circulatory system
,🟢 B. The nervous system
🔴 RATIONALE: The eyes and ears are sensory organs that are part of the nervous system. They receive stimuli
and send information to the brain for processing .
Question 6
What does the abbreviation 'NWB' mean on a resident's care plan?
A. Not Walking Barefoot
B. Non-weight bearing
C. Needs Walking Belt
D. Near Water Basin
🟢 B. Non-weight bearing
🔴 RATIONALE: NWB is the medical abbreviation for non-weight bearing, meaning the resident is unable to
support any weight on one or both legs .
Question 7
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A. To pump blood throughout the body
B. To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
C. To digest food and absorb nutrients
D. To control and coordinate body functions
🟢 B. To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
🔴 RATIONALE: The respiratory system's primary function is to exchange gases, bringing oxygen into the body
and expelling carbon dioxide .
Question 8
What is the term for a muscle wasting away, decreasing in size, and becoming weak?
A. Contracture
, B. Atrophy
C. Arthritis
D. Osteoporosis
🟢 B. Atrophy
🔴 RATIONALE: Atrophy is the medical term for the wasting away, decrease in size, and weakening of a muscle,
often due to disuse or disease .
Question 9
When assisting a resident who has had a hip replacement with dressing, which side should the NA dress first?
A. The stronger side
B. The weaker (affected) side
C. The left side
D. The right side
🟢 B. The weaker (affected) side
🔴 RATIONALE: When dressing a resident after a hip replacement, the NA should dress the weaker or affected
side first and undress it last to minimize movement and stress on the joint .
Question 10
Which of the following is a normal change of aging for the integumentary system?
A. Skin becomes more elastic
B. Skin becomes thicker and less fragile
C. Skin becomes thinner and drier
D. Nails become softer and more flexible
🟢 C. Skin becomes thinner and drier
🔴 RATIONALE: As a person ages, the skin becomes thinner, drier, more fragile, and less elastic. Wrinkles and
brown spots may also appear .
