NU 673 MIDTERM EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE ALL 200+ QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+||ALREADY
GRADED A+
This consists of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral
hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the
basal ganglia, which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in
the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral
cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus affects
the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive.
Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pituitary gland.
This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create
the white color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - DETAILED ANSWER-B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all
parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the
upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sections: the midbrain, the pons, and the
medulla. (Bickley)
Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in
the diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Reticular activating system
,- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a
structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps
maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and peripheral nerves that project to
the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which
regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the
autonomic nervous system that connects to internal organs and generates autonomic reflex
responses. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which
"mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal, and the
parasympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest
and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
,A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total
of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral,
and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a
posterior (dorsal) root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form
a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other
levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral
nerves contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
, J. X
K. Xi
L. XII - DETAILED ANSWER-XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII - DETAILED ANSWER-A. II
This mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate movements by
stim- ulating selected muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry impulses that
inhibit muscle tone, the slight tension maintained by normal muscle even when it is relaxed.
(Bickley)
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
B. Basal Ganglia
C. Cerebellar system - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+||ALREADY
GRADED A+
This consists of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral
hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the
basal ganglia, which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus structures in
the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral
cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus affects
the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual drive.
Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pituitary gland.
This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create
the white color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter - DETAILED ANSWER-B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all
parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the
upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sections: the midbrain, the pons, and the
medulla. (Bickley)
Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in
the diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Reticular activating system
,- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a
structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps
maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and peripheral nerves that project to
the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which
regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the
autonomic nervous system that connects to internal organs and generates autonomic reflex
responses. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which
"mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal, and the
parasympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest
and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
.
Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
,A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total
of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral,
and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a
posterior (dorsal) root containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form
a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other
levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral
nerves contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
, J. X
K. Xi
L. XII - DETAILED ANSWER-XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Optic: vision
A. II
B. I
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
F. V
G. VIII
H. VII
I. IX
J. XI
K. X
L. XII - DETAILED ANSWER-A. II
This mediate voluntary movement and integrate skilled, complicated, or delicate movements by
stim- ulating selected muscular actions and inhibiting others. They also carry impulses that
inhibit muscle tone, the slight tension maintained by normal muscle even when it is relaxed.
(Bickley)
A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
B. Basal Ganglia
C. Cerebellar system - DETAILED ANSWER-A. Corticospinal (pyramidal) tract
