NU 578 UNIT 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
Febuzostat - DETAILED ANSWER-not recommended for patients younger than
16. expensive. alternative to allopurinol. lowers rate levels in blood.
symptoms may flare up during initial therapy. patients should receive
prophylactic NSAIDS or coaching for up to 6 months
AE: liver function abnormalities, arthralgia, nausea, rash
Educate to drink fluids because uric acid can cause kidney injury and
stones. report development of attacks but do not stop taking medicines.
report any problems (liver issues), dark urine, fatigue, swelling, flank pain
MONITOR LFT'S, MONITOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND
HEPATOTOXICITY
Allopurinol - DETAILED ANSWER-used for chronic tophaceous gout by
reducing blood uric acid levels, prevents formation of new topi and causes
regression of topi that are already formed. also used for hyperuricemia that
develops secondary to cancer chemo and certain blood dycrasias.
MOA: inhibits xanthine oxidase
allopurinol AE - DETAILED ANSWER-generally well tolerated. Mild GI effects
such as nausea, vomitting diarrhea, abdominal pain and drowsiness,
,headache, metallic taste. prolonged use (more than 3 years) may lead to
cataracts, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity.
most shroud is rare but potentially fatal hypersensitivity syndrome that
causes rash, fever, eosinophilia, and dysfunction or the liver and kidneys.
SCAR more likely in asian ancestry.
CHECK CBC Q2-5 WEEKS UNTIL URIC ACID LEVEL ATTAINED, THEN
MONITRO Q6 MONTHS FOR ANEMIA, LEUKOPENIA. CHECK LFTS
PRN.
Cinacalcet - DETAILED ANSWER-calcimimetic drug approved for primary
hyperparathyroidism for those unable to undergo a parathyroidectomy and
for those with hypercalcemia cause by parathyroid carcinoma. decreases
secretion of PTH.
Cinacalet AE - DETAILED ANSWER-nausea, vomitting, diarrhea. hypocalcemia
(cramping, convulsions, myalgia, tetany)
Monitor calcium within 1 week a dn then q2 months
Progestins - DETAILED ANSWER-Depo-Provera (injectable), nexplanon
(implant for 3 years), plan B (emergency contraception).
Main side effect is weight gain and irregular menstrual periods,
breakthrough bleeding.may need estrogen with breakthrough bleeding.
Estrogens - DETAILED ANSWER-used in combination with progestins for birth
control.
WATCH FOR BLOOD CLOTS in obese, HTN, smokers
, EX: lo0ovral, ortho tri0cyclen0lo, lo-estrin, allesse, orthonovum nuva ring,
ortho era patch, combination OC
Extended cycle and continuous OC allows for long acting coverage with
fewer or no menstrual cycles
Biphosphonates - DETAILED ANSWER-inhibit direct bone resorption by
decreasing osteoclast activity.
used for opteoposisis, pages, hypercalcemia of malignant. may help
precent bone metastisis
Can be given IV or PO. oral is once a day and iv may be q2 years. calcium
and vitamin d supplements recommended.
biphosphonates AE - DETAILED ANSWER-fractures, esophagitis, esophageal
cancer, musculoskeletal pain, ocular problems, osteonecrosis of jaw,
hyperparathyroidism, afib
To decrease risk for esophagitis, instruct to swallow tablet whole with glass
of water while sitting or standing. remain upright for 30-60 minutes. take in
morning.
Raloxifene - DETAILED ANSWER-used for replacement therapy in menopause
or for certain cancers.
Etanercept - DETAILED ANSWER-first TNF antagonist available. highly
effective at reducing RA symptoms and disease progression, but may
promote serious infections and other adverse effects
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
Febuzostat - DETAILED ANSWER-not recommended for patients younger than
16. expensive. alternative to allopurinol. lowers rate levels in blood.
symptoms may flare up during initial therapy. patients should receive
prophylactic NSAIDS or coaching for up to 6 months
AE: liver function abnormalities, arthralgia, nausea, rash
Educate to drink fluids because uric acid can cause kidney injury and
stones. report development of attacks but do not stop taking medicines.
report any problems (liver issues), dark urine, fatigue, swelling, flank pain
MONITOR LFT'S, MONITOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND
HEPATOTOXICITY
Allopurinol - DETAILED ANSWER-used for chronic tophaceous gout by
reducing blood uric acid levels, prevents formation of new topi and causes
regression of topi that are already formed. also used for hyperuricemia that
develops secondary to cancer chemo and certain blood dycrasias.
MOA: inhibits xanthine oxidase
allopurinol AE - DETAILED ANSWER-generally well tolerated. Mild GI effects
such as nausea, vomitting diarrhea, abdominal pain and drowsiness,
,headache, metallic taste. prolonged use (more than 3 years) may lead to
cataracts, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, hypersensitivity.
most shroud is rare but potentially fatal hypersensitivity syndrome that
causes rash, fever, eosinophilia, and dysfunction or the liver and kidneys.
SCAR more likely in asian ancestry.
CHECK CBC Q2-5 WEEKS UNTIL URIC ACID LEVEL ATTAINED, THEN
MONITRO Q6 MONTHS FOR ANEMIA, LEUKOPENIA. CHECK LFTS
PRN.
Cinacalcet - DETAILED ANSWER-calcimimetic drug approved for primary
hyperparathyroidism for those unable to undergo a parathyroidectomy and
for those with hypercalcemia cause by parathyroid carcinoma. decreases
secretion of PTH.
Cinacalet AE - DETAILED ANSWER-nausea, vomitting, diarrhea. hypocalcemia
(cramping, convulsions, myalgia, tetany)
Monitor calcium within 1 week a dn then q2 months
Progestins - DETAILED ANSWER-Depo-Provera (injectable), nexplanon
(implant for 3 years), plan B (emergency contraception).
Main side effect is weight gain and irregular menstrual periods,
breakthrough bleeding.may need estrogen with breakthrough bleeding.
Estrogens - DETAILED ANSWER-used in combination with progestins for birth
control.
WATCH FOR BLOOD CLOTS in obese, HTN, smokers
, EX: lo0ovral, ortho tri0cyclen0lo, lo-estrin, allesse, orthonovum nuva ring,
ortho era patch, combination OC
Extended cycle and continuous OC allows for long acting coverage with
fewer or no menstrual cycles
Biphosphonates - DETAILED ANSWER-inhibit direct bone resorption by
decreasing osteoclast activity.
used for opteoposisis, pages, hypercalcemia of malignant. may help
precent bone metastisis
Can be given IV or PO. oral is once a day and iv may be q2 years. calcium
and vitamin d supplements recommended.
biphosphonates AE - DETAILED ANSWER-fractures, esophagitis, esophageal
cancer, musculoskeletal pain, ocular problems, osteonecrosis of jaw,
hyperparathyroidism, afib
To decrease risk for esophagitis, instruct to swallow tablet whole with glass
of water while sitting or standing. remain upright for 30-60 minutes. take in
morning.
Raloxifene - DETAILED ANSWER-used for replacement therapy in menopause
or for certain cancers.
Etanercept - DETAILED ANSWER-first TNF antagonist available. highly
effective at reducing RA symptoms and disease progression, but may
promote serious infections and other adverse effects
