NU 136 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 4 CASS QUESTIONS WITH ALL PASSED DETAILED ANSWERS, ALREADY SCORED A+/|CURRENT UPDATE

NU 214 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
RIGHT DETAILED DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||CURRENT UPDATE!!




10 rights of medication administration - DETAILED ANSWER-right patient



right drug



right dose



right route



right time



right reason



right documentation



right response



right education



right to refuse

,additive effects - DETAILED ANSWER-drug interactions where the effects of two or more drugs
with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects or the same drugs given
alone



1+1=2



agonist - DETAILED ANSWER-drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more
receptors in the body



antagonist - DETAILED ANSWER-a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more
receptors in the body



aka inhibitors



antagonistic effects - DETAILED ANSWER-drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of
two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone



1+1=less than 2



bioavailability - DETAILED ANSWER-a measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug
and route



cytochrome p-450 - DETAILED ANSWER-plays a significant role in drug metabolism and drug
interactions



dissolution - DETAILED ANSWER-process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI
tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation



duration of action - DETAILED ANSWER-the length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood
or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response

,first pass effect - DETAILED ANSWER-the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug before the drug
reaches the bloodstream



half life - DETAILED ANSWER-the time required for half of the administered dose of the drug to be
eliminated by the body



onset of action - DETAILED ANSWER-the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response
after dosing



peak effect - DETAILED ANSWER-the time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic
response in the body



pharmacodynamics - DETAILED ANSWER-the study of what the drug does to the body



pharmacokinetics - DETAILED ANSWER-the study of what the body does to the drug



steady state - DETAILED ANSWER-the amount of drug removed by elimination is equal to the
amount of drug absorbed with each dose



synergistic effects - DETAILED ANSWER-the effect of a combination of drugs with similar actions
is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone



1+1=greater than 2



therapeutic effect - DETAILED ANSWER-the desired or intended effect of a particular medication



therapeutic index - DETAILED ANSWER-the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic
concentrations of a drug

, trough level - DETAILED ANSWER-the lowest concentrations of a drug reached in the body after it
falls from its peak level



pharmacokinetics steps - DETAILED ANSWER-ADME



absorption


distribution



metabolism



elimination



Absorption - DETAILED ANSWER-movement of drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distribution to the tissues



high first pass effect - DETAILED ANSWER-If a large proportion of a drug is chemically changed
into inactive metabolites in the liver, then a smaller amount will pass into the circulation



The enteral route and the first pass effect - DETAILED ANSWER-enters first pass effect



the parenteral route and the first pass effect - DETAILED ANSWER-fastest route by which a drug
can be absorbed



avoids first pass effect



the topical route and the first pass effect - DETAILED ANSWER-avoids the first pass effect



distribution - DETAILED ANSWER-the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action