PHA 6936 Special Topics in Forensic Science
questions with correct answers
Define Forensic Science - The application of science as it pertains to the law
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Two Classifications of Evidence - Associative
xz xz xz xz xz
Inceptive
Associative Evidence - links people, places, and objects xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Inceptive Evidence - addresses the issue of whether an offense has occurred
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
What is the Basic Tenent of Forensic Science? -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Locard's Exchange Principle: Every contact leaves a trace
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
What are the basic principles of Forensic Science? -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The identification, individualization, or classification of physical evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Three Points of the Evidence Linkage Principle - Victim
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Suspect
Scene
______ was the first to develop a personal identification system. - Alphonse Bertillon
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The first personal identification system was developed in the ______ century. - 19th
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
______ was the original initiative of William Herschel in 1877. - Fingerprinting
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Contextual Bias - xz xz
environmental influences and past experiences that sway decision making
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Confirmation Bias - xz xz
accepting conclusions of another without due diligence of the scientific process
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The ______ must establish clear and direct lines of communication with forensic experts, in
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
vestigators, etc. and to be effective managers at the scene, during the investigative proces
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
s, and of the final presentation of physical evidence at court. - Crime Scene Investigator
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
6 Steps of Approaching a Scene - 1. use an entry other than that taken by the suspect
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. establish the bath taken by other persons first on scene
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3. consider the loss of trace evidence on entry throughout your examination
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
4. reassess OSHA issues
xz xz xz
5. establish the extent of the scene and additional assistance that may be required
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
,6. establish an entry and exit path for the Senior Investigating Officer and specialists to acc
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
ess the scene xz xz
The first responsibility of the initial responding officer is to ______. -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
secure and protect the scene
xz xz xz xz xz
The physical barriers of a scene should include ______. - -where the crime occurred
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-potential points of entry and exit of suspects and witnesses
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-places where the victim or evidence may have been moved
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Officers will ______ at a scene. - -set up physical presence at established points outside
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-identify everyone present xz xz
-prevent destruction of physical evidence by restricting movement and activity
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5 Steps of Processing the Scene - 1. survey
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. photograph and search
xz xz xz
3. map and measure
xz xz xz
4. recording and documenting the location of evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5. search for fingerprints and evidence
xz xz xz xz xz
Scene documentation can be done by ______. - -sketching
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-written notes xz
-photography
-video
Scene notes should include: - -basic facts
xz xz xz xz xz xz
-times
-dates
-names
-locations
-victims
-suspects
-conversations
-receipt of property xz xz
6 Categories of Documentation at a Search - -administrative worksheet
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-narrative description xz
-photographic log xz
-diagram/sketch
-evidence recovery log xz xz
-latent print lift log xz xz xz
When should fragile and perishable evidence should be identified and protected, document
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
ed, photographed, and collected? - The Walk-Through
xz xz xz xz xz xz
,Contamination at a scene is controlled by: - xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Limiting access to those directly involved in scene processing
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Designating specific areas for trash and equipment xz xz xz xz xz xz
Using single use materials for the collection of biological materials and other trace evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The ______ transient evidence should be collected first moving toward the ______ transie
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
nt. - Most; Least
xz xz xz
Use the ______ intrusive collection techniques first, then the ______ intrusive. -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Least; Most
xz xz
Least intrusive collection techniques include: - -oblique lighting
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-ALS
Most intrusive collection techniques include: - -chemical processes
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Evidence collection is documented by: - -recording its location xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-the date and name of the collector
xz xz xz xz xz xz
-establishing chain of custody xz xz xz
______ should be collected for comparison. - reference and standard materials
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3 Golden Rules of Searching -
xz xz xz xz xz
1. search area should be determined to maximize concentration, no more than 20-
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
40 minutes to search
xz xz xz
2. 10 minute breaks should be taken after each search
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3. search the same area twice
xz xz xz xz xz
3 Methods to Approach a Search - 1. positive search
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. negative search
xz xz
3. information/intelligence
xz
The positive search method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Find evidence at the scene hat will provide physical evidence about the case (murder weap
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
on, blood, trace evidence)
xz xz xz
The negative search method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
find something that was not there (absence of forced entry, absence of skid marks)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The information/intelligence method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
visual and verbal of known circumstances of the incident, looking for possible explanations
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
of known facts and using intelligent though and concentration
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5 Basic Search Methods - -strip
xz xz xz xz xz
-spiral
-wheel
, -grid
-zone
The ______ search method is used in underwater scenes. - spiral
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Areas to be searched are determined by: - -nature of the incident
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-nature of physical evidence xz xz xz
-location
-terrain
-lighting
-size of the area xz xz xz
-established facts xz
A briefing for larger search parties should include: - -an overview of facts
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-details of evidence to search for xz xz xz xz xz
-search plan adopted xz xz
-manner in which searchers should search and what is required of them
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-time frame of the search
xz xz xz xz
-procedure when evidence is found xz xz xz xz
Police can search for evidence without a warrant if: - -emergent circumstances
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-prevention of loss or destruction of evidence xz xz xz xz xz xz
-search a person or property in immediate control of the person (in a lawful arrest)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-under consent of the party involved
xz xz xz xz xz
3 Requirements for Approach to Scene Examination - 1. organization
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. thoroughness
xz
3. cautiousness
xz
Important Notes at a Death Scene - position of the body xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
description and state of clothing xz xz xz xz
describe location/intensity/size/direction of flow of staining
xz xz xz xz xz
type of stain (blood, semen, dirt, vomit, feces, urine, fluid)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
visible damage to clothing or body
xz xz xz xz xz
description of blood staining xz xz xz
appearance of evidence removal xz xz xz
estimated amounts of blood xz xz xz
Livor, rigor, and algor mortis
xz xz xz xz
Decomposition, mummification, saponification xz xz
Items to Help Determine Time of Death - eye changes
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
algor mortis xz
rigor mortis xz
livor mortisxz
decomposition/putrefaction
adipocere
questions with correct answers
Define Forensic Science - The application of science as it pertains to the law
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Two Classifications of Evidence - Associative
xz xz xz xz xz
Inceptive
Associative Evidence - links people, places, and objects xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Inceptive Evidence - addresses the issue of whether an offense has occurred
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
What is the Basic Tenent of Forensic Science? -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Locard's Exchange Principle: Every contact leaves a trace
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
What are the basic principles of Forensic Science? -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The identification, individualization, or classification of physical evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Three Points of the Evidence Linkage Principle - Victim
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Suspect
Scene
______ was the first to develop a personal identification system. - Alphonse Bertillon
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The first personal identification system was developed in the ______ century. - 19th
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
______ was the original initiative of William Herschel in 1877. - Fingerprinting
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Contextual Bias - xz xz
environmental influences and past experiences that sway decision making
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Confirmation Bias - xz xz
accepting conclusions of another without due diligence of the scientific process
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The ______ must establish clear and direct lines of communication with forensic experts, in
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
vestigators, etc. and to be effective managers at the scene, during the investigative proces
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
s, and of the final presentation of physical evidence at court. - Crime Scene Investigator
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
6 Steps of Approaching a Scene - 1. use an entry other than that taken by the suspect
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. establish the bath taken by other persons first on scene
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3. consider the loss of trace evidence on entry throughout your examination
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
4. reassess OSHA issues
xz xz xz
5. establish the extent of the scene and additional assistance that may be required
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
,6. establish an entry and exit path for the Senior Investigating Officer and specialists to acc
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
ess the scene xz xz
The first responsibility of the initial responding officer is to ______. -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
secure and protect the scene
xz xz xz xz xz
The physical barriers of a scene should include ______. - -where the crime occurred
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-potential points of entry and exit of suspects and witnesses
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-places where the victim or evidence may have been moved
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Officers will ______ at a scene. - -set up physical presence at established points outside
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-identify everyone present xz xz
-prevent destruction of physical evidence by restricting movement and activity
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5 Steps of Processing the Scene - 1. survey
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. photograph and search
xz xz xz
3. map and measure
xz xz xz
4. recording and documenting the location of evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5. search for fingerprints and evidence
xz xz xz xz xz
Scene documentation can be done by ______. - -sketching
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-written notes xz
-photography
-video
Scene notes should include: - -basic facts
xz xz xz xz xz xz
-times
-dates
-names
-locations
-victims
-suspects
-conversations
-receipt of property xz xz
6 Categories of Documentation at a Search - -administrative worksheet
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-narrative description xz
-photographic log xz
-diagram/sketch
-evidence recovery log xz xz
-latent print lift log xz xz xz
When should fragile and perishable evidence should be identified and protected, document
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
ed, photographed, and collected? - The Walk-Through
xz xz xz xz xz xz
,Contamination at a scene is controlled by: - xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Limiting access to those directly involved in scene processing
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Designating specific areas for trash and equipment xz xz xz xz xz xz
Using single use materials for the collection of biological materials and other trace evidence
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The ______ transient evidence should be collected first moving toward the ______ transie
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
nt. - Most; Least
xz xz xz
Use the ______ intrusive collection techniques first, then the ______ intrusive. -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Least; Most
xz xz
Least intrusive collection techniques include: - -oblique lighting
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-ALS
Most intrusive collection techniques include: - -chemical processes
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Evidence collection is documented by: - -recording its location xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-the date and name of the collector
xz xz xz xz xz xz
-establishing chain of custody xz xz xz
______ should be collected for comparison. - reference and standard materials
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3 Golden Rules of Searching -
xz xz xz xz xz
1. search area should be determined to maximize concentration, no more than 20-
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
40 minutes to search
xz xz xz
2. 10 minute breaks should be taken after each search
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
3. search the same area twice
xz xz xz xz xz
3 Methods to Approach a Search - 1. positive search
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. negative search
xz xz
3. information/intelligence
xz
The positive search method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Find evidence at the scene hat will provide physical evidence about the case (murder weap
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
on, blood, trace evidence)
xz xz xz
The negative search method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
find something that was not there (absence of forced entry, absence of skid marks)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
The information/intelligence method to approach a search includes: -
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
visual and verbal of known circumstances of the incident, looking for possible explanations
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
of known facts and using intelligent though and concentration
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
5 Basic Search Methods - -strip
xz xz xz xz xz
-spiral
-wheel
, -grid
-zone
The ______ search method is used in underwater scenes. - spiral
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
Areas to be searched are determined by: - -nature of the incident
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-nature of physical evidence xz xz xz
-location
-terrain
-lighting
-size of the area xz xz xz
-established facts xz
A briefing for larger search parties should include: - -an overview of facts
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-details of evidence to search for xz xz xz xz xz
-search plan adopted xz xz
-manner in which searchers should search and what is required of them
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-time frame of the search
xz xz xz xz
-procedure when evidence is found xz xz xz xz
Police can search for evidence without a warrant if: - -emergent circumstances
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-prevention of loss or destruction of evidence xz xz xz xz xz xz
-search a person or property in immediate control of the person (in a lawful arrest)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
-under consent of the party involved
xz xz xz xz xz
3 Requirements for Approach to Scene Examination - 1. organization
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
2. thoroughness
xz
3. cautiousness
xz
Important Notes at a Death Scene - position of the body xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
description and state of clothing xz xz xz xz
describe location/intensity/size/direction of flow of staining
xz xz xz xz xz
type of stain (blood, semen, dirt, vomit, feces, urine, fluid)
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
visible damage to clothing or body
xz xz xz xz xz
description of blood staining xz xz xz
appearance of evidence removal xz xz xz
estimated amounts of blood xz xz xz
Livor, rigor, and algor mortis
xz xz xz xz
Decomposition, mummification, saponification xz xz
Items to Help Determine Time of Death - eye changes
xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz xz
algor mortis xz
rigor mortis xz
livor mortisxz
decomposition/putrefaction
adipocere
