EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM 2 (2026
UPDATED)||| questions and answers
with rationales/graded A+//100%
correct /instant download
Section 1: Airway, Breathing & Ventilation (Q 1-15)
1. You are ventilating an apneic adult patient with a bag-valve mask (BVM) at
15 L/min. The patient has a palpable carotid pulse. What is the correct
ventilation rate?
• A) 5-8 breaths per minute
• B) 10-12 breaths per minute
• C) 20-30 breaths per minute
• D) 30-40 breaths per minute
Rationale: For an adult in respiratory arrest with a pulse, the 2020-2025 AHA
guidelines (still current in 2026) recommend ventilating at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min (1 breath every 5-6 seconds). Correction: The correct answer is B.
(Note: 20-30 is the infant/child rate).
2. A 6-month-old infant is not breathing but has a brachial pulse of 80. You are
unable to see chest rise with the BVM after repositioning the head. What is
your next step?
• A) Perform a finger sweep to check for obstruction
• B) Increase the force of your ventilations
• C) Re-tilt the head to a neutral position
• D) Immediately start chest compressions
Rationale: Infants have large occiputs; placing them flat causes neck flexion. You
must place a towel under the shoulders to achieve a neutral sniffing position to
open the airway .
,3. A patient with severe COPD and a history of CO2 retention is in respiratory
distress. Their SpO2 is 82%. What is the most appropriate action?
• A) Withhold oxygen to avoid eliminating the hypoxic drive
• B) Apply high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask
• C) Titrate oxygen to achieve an SpO2 of 100%
• D) Ventilate with a BVM and room air
Rationale: The hypoxic drive is a secondary stimulus. Severe hypoxia (SpO2 <
90%) takes precedence. You must treat the hypoxia; do not withhold oxygen from
a critically hypoxic patient even if they are a CO2 retainer .
4. Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds heard without a stethoscope
indicate:
• A) Wheezing
• B) Stridor
• C) Rhonchi
• D) Crackles
Rationale: Stridor is caused by upper airway obstruction (croup, epiglottitis,
foreign body). It is a medical emergency requiring immediate airway
management .
5. Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for the use of an
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
• A) Unresponsiveness
• B) Snoring respirations
• C) Gag reflex present
• D) Absent cough reflex
Rationale: OPAs trigger the gag reflex. If the patient has a gag reflex, use
a Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) .
6. You hear "snoring" respirations in an unresponsive trauma patient. You
should FIRST:
, • A) Insert an NPA
• B) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver
• C) Suction the mouth
• D) Insert an OPA
Rationale: Snoring indicates the tongue is obstructing the pharynx. The jaw-thrust
maneuver lifts the tongue off the posterior pharynx while maintaining cervical
spine immobilization .
7. What is the maximum suction time for an adult patient?
• A) 10-15 seconds
• B) 20-25 seconds
• C) 30-45 seconds
• D) 60 seconds
Rationale: Suctioning removes oxygen. You should suction for no more than 10-
15 seconds (less for children/infants) to prevent hypoxia .
8. A patient presents with a "barking" cough, stridor, and moderate
retractions. You suspect croup. What is the priority intervention?
• A) Immediate needle cricothyrotomy
• B) Provide humidified oxygen and remain calm
• C) Lay the patient flat to increase perfusion
• D) Force a tongue depressor to visualize the throat
Rationale: Croup causes subglottic swelling. Agitation worsens airway swelling.
Keep the child calm and provide blow-by oxygen. Do not look in the throat if
epiglottitis is suspected .
9. Which of the following lung sounds is characterized by a musical, high-
pitched noise primarily during expiration?
• A) Stridor
• B) Wheezing
• C) Ronchi
UPDATED)||| questions and answers
with rationales/graded A+//100%
correct /instant download
Section 1: Airway, Breathing & Ventilation (Q 1-15)
1. You are ventilating an apneic adult patient with a bag-valve mask (BVM) at
15 L/min. The patient has a palpable carotid pulse. What is the correct
ventilation rate?
• A) 5-8 breaths per minute
• B) 10-12 breaths per minute
• C) 20-30 breaths per minute
• D) 30-40 breaths per minute
Rationale: For an adult in respiratory arrest with a pulse, the 2020-2025 AHA
guidelines (still current in 2026) recommend ventilating at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min (1 breath every 5-6 seconds). Correction: The correct answer is B.
(Note: 20-30 is the infant/child rate).
2. A 6-month-old infant is not breathing but has a brachial pulse of 80. You are
unable to see chest rise with the BVM after repositioning the head. What is
your next step?
• A) Perform a finger sweep to check for obstruction
• B) Increase the force of your ventilations
• C) Re-tilt the head to a neutral position
• D) Immediately start chest compressions
Rationale: Infants have large occiputs; placing them flat causes neck flexion. You
must place a towel under the shoulders to achieve a neutral sniffing position to
open the airway .
,3. A patient with severe COPD and a history of CO2 retention is in respiratory
distress. Their SpO2 is 82%. What is the most appropriate action?
• A) Withhold oxygen to avoid eliminating the hypoxic drive
• B) Apply high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask
• C) Titrate oxygen to achieve an SpO2 of 100%
• D) Ventilate with a BVM and room air
Rationale: The hypoxic drive is a secondary stimulus. Severe hypoxia (SpO2 <
90%) takes precedence. You must treat the hypoxia; do not withhold oxygen from
a critically hypoxic patient even if they are a CO2 retainer .
4. Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds heard without a stethoscope
indicate:
• A) Wheezing
• B) Stridor
• C) Rhonchi
• D) Crackles
Rationale: Stridor is caused by upper airway obstruction (croup, epiglottitis,
foreign body). It is a medical emergency requiring immediate airway
management .
5. Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for the use of an
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
• A) Unresponsiveness
• B) Snoring respirations
• C) Gag reflex present
• D) Absent cough reflex
Rationale: OPAs trigger the gag reflex. If the patient has a gag reflex, use
a Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) .
6. You hear "snoring" respirations in an unresponsive trauma patient. You
should FIRST:
, • A) Insert an NPA
• B) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver
• C) Suction the mouth
• D) Insert an OPA
Rationale: Snoring indicates the tongue is obstructing the pharynx. The jaw-thrust
maneuver lifts the tongue off the posterior pharynx while maintaining cervical
spine immobilization .
7. What is the maximum suction time for an adult patient?
• A) 10-15 seconds
• B) 20-25 seconds
• C) 30-45 seconds
• D) 60 seconds
Rationale: Suctioning removes oxygen. You should suction for no more than 10-
15 seconds (less for children/infants) to prevent hypoxia .
8. A patient presents with a "barking" cough, stridor, and moderate
retractions. You suspect croup. What is the priority intervention?
• A) Immediate needle cricothyrotomy
• B) Provide humidified oxygen and remain calm
• C) Lay the patient flat to increase perfusion
• D) Force a tongue depressor to visualize the throat
Rationale: Croup causes subglottic swelling. Agitation worsens airway swelling.
Keep the child calm and provide blow-by oxygen. Do not look in the throat if
epiglottitis is suspected .
9. Which of the following lung sounds is characterized by a musical, high-
pitched noise primarily during expiration?
• A) Stridor
• B) Wheezing
• C) Ronchi
