NSG 554 Exam 1 V3 | NSG 554 Nurse
Practitioners in Primary Care I | Wilkes
University | 2026 Q&A with Rationale
(Wilkes NSG554 Exam 1 2026)
1. According to the USPSTF guidelines, at what age should routine screening for colorectal
cancer begin for an average-risk adult?
A. 45 years old
B. 40 years old
C. 50 years old
D. 55 years old
Answer: A
Rationale: The USPSTF updated its recommendations to begin colorectal cancer screening
at age 45 for adults at average risk. This change was implemented to address the increasing
incidence of colorectal cancer in younger populations. Evidence suggests that early
screening significantly reduces morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
2. Which ethical principle is most directly involved when a Nurse Practitioner respects a
patient’s decision to refuse a recommended life-saving treatment?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-maleficence
,C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions regarding
their healthcare without undue influence. This principle requires providers to provide all
necessary information so that patients can make an informed choice. Even when a provider
disagrees with the patient’s choice, the legal and ethical standard is to respect the patient’s
self-determination.
3. A 34-year-old female presents with symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis. According to current
guidelines, what is the recommended first-line antibiotic treatment if bacterial etiology is
suspected?
A. Azithromycin
B. Amoxicillin-clavulanate
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Doxycycline
Answer: B
Rationale: Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is the preferred first-line agent for acute
bacterial rhinosinusitis due to its coverage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
influenzae. High-dose Augmentin is specifically recommended in areas with high rates of
, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Other agents like macrolides are generally avoided due
to high resistance rates.
4. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming a diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
A. Spirometry
B. Chest X-ray
C. Pulse Oximetry
D. Sputum Culture
Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is required to confirm the diagnosis of COPD by demonstrating a
post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70. While imaging like chest X-rays can
support the diagnosis or rule out other conditions, it cannot establish the presence of
airflow limitation. This objective measurement is essential for staging the severity of the
disease according to GOLD criteria.
5. A patient presents with a ‘curtain-like’ shadow over their vision and sudden flashes of light.
Which condition should the Nurse Practitioner immediately suspect?
A. Acute Glaucoma
B. Retinal Detachment
C. Cataracts
Practitioners in Primary Care I | Wilkes
University | 2026 Q&A with Rationale
(Wilkes NSG554 Exam 1 2026)
1. According to the USPSTF guidelines, at what age should routine screening for colorectal
cancer begin for an average-risk adult?
A. 45 years old
B. 40 years old
C. 50 years old
D. 55 years old
Answer: A
Rationale: The USPSTF updated its recommendations to begin colorectal cancer screening
at age 45 for adults at average risk. This change was implemented to address the increasing
incidence of colorectal cancer in younger populations. Evidence suggests that early
screening significantly reduces morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
2. Which ethical principle is most directly involved when a Nurse Practitioner respects a
patient’s decision to refuse a recommended life-saving treatment?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-maleficence
,C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions regarding
their healthcare without undue influence. This principle requires providers to provide all
necessary information so that patients can make an informed choice. Even when a provider
disagrees with the patient’s choice, the legal and ethical standard is to respect the patient’s
self-determination.
3. A 34-year-old female presents with symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis. According to current
guidelines, what is the recommended first-line antibiotic treatment if bacterial etiology is
suspected?
A. Azithromycin
B. Amoxicillin-clavulanate
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Doxycycline
Answer: B
Rationale: Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is the preferred first-line agent for acute
bacterial rhinosinusitis due to its coverage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
influenzae. High-dose Augmentin is specifically recommended in areas with high rates of
, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Other agents like macrolides are generally avoided due
to high resistance rates.
4. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming a diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
A. Spirometry
B. Chest X-ray
C. Pulse Oximetry
D. Sputum Culture
Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is required to confirm the diagnosis of COPD by demonstrating a
post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70. While imaging like chest X-rays can
support the diagnosis or rule out other conditions, it cannot establish the presence of
airflow limitation. This objective measurement is essential for staging the severity of the
disease according to GOLD criteria.
5. A patient presents with a ‘curtain-like’ shadow over their vision and sudden flashes of light.
Which condition should the Nurse Practitioner immediately suspect?
A. Acute Glaucoma
B. Retinal Detachment
C. Cataracts
