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Stages of Learning model - DETAILED ANSWER-A framework describing the progression of a
learner from unconscious incompetency to unconscious competency.
Unconscious incompetency - DETAILED ANSWER-A stage where a person is unaware of their
lack of skill or knowledge.
Conscious incompetency - DETAILED ANSWER-A stage where a person is aware of their lack of
skill or knowledge.
Conscious competency - DETAILED ANSWER-A stage where a person is aware of their skill or
knowledge and can perform it.
Unconscious competency - DETAILED ANSWER-A stage where a person can perform a skill or
knowledge without conscious thought.
,Freud's tasks of learning independence and control - DETAILED ANSWER-Associated with
problematic traits such as excessive dependency.
Standards of care - DETAILED ANSWER-Legally binding guidelines that dictate the minimum
acceptable level of care.
Practice guidelines - DETAILED ANSWER-Recommendations that are not legally binding and
can be more flexible.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - DETAILED ANSWER-A system of psychotherapy that
focuses on how an individual's thoughts influence their feelings and behaviors.
Primary thinking - DETAILED ANSWER-Recognizes indeterminate, negative, and irrational
thinking as part of human action.
Secondary thinking - DETAILED ANSWER-Recognizes the indeterminate, negative, and
irrational thinking as foremost.
Imitative behavior - DETAILED ANSWER-A therapeutic benefit that allows individuals to
experiment with new behaviors.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy - DETAILED ANSWER-Not ideal for patients with primarily
primitive defenses.
Dynamic supportive therapy - DETAILED ANSWER-A strategy where the nurse assists the
patient with reality testing, problem-solving, and interpersonal awareness.
, Therapeutic alliance - DETAILED ANSWER-The relationship between therapist and patient that
is essential for effective therapy.
Cognitive triad - DETAILED ANSWER-A concept in CBT that includes maladaptive thoughts
rooted in irrational assumptions.
Universality - DETAILED ANSWER-A therapeutic factor where a group member realizes others
share similar feelings of incompetency.
Reality testing - DETAILED ANSWER-A process in dynamic supportive therapy that helps
patients distinguish between their perceptions and reality.
Psychic determinism - DETAILED ANSWER-The concept that every thought and behavior has a
cause.
Supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy - DETAILED ANSWER-Focuses on feelings,
defenses, life stresses, and problem-solving.
Direct advice - DETAILED ANSWER-A strategy in imparting information that can elucidate
interpersonal pathology.
Solution focused therapy - DETAILED ANSWER-A therapy approach that focuses on potential
solutions rather than the etiology of the problem.