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,Opioids Drugs - correct ans:Drugs:
Opioids - MOA - correct ans:- Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the transmission of
pain signals in the CNS.
- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates
(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).
- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa
Opioids - Effect - correct ans:* Relieve pain & induce euphoria
Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress the cough reflex.
Opioids - Uses - correct ans:- Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Relief of dyspnea
- Preoperative sedation
Opioids - Side Effects - correct ans:Hypotension
sedation
nausea
itching
miosis
muscle weakness
constipation
Urinary Retention
Biliary Colic
, Increased ICP
Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation - correct ans:methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
naloxegol (Movantik)
Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract
* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia
Opioids - Drug Interactions - correct ans:CNS depressants!
Anticholinergics
Drugs that lower BP
Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings - correct ans:Decreased respiratory reserve
Labor and delivery
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Head Injury
Opioids - Patient Educaiton - correct ans:
Opioid toxicity - correct ans:3 signs:
- coma
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression - may be fatal!
Tolerance - correct ans:a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to produce the
same effect on the body