NR565 FiNal Exam NEwEst 2025/2026 ComplEtE
QuEstioNs aNd CoRRECt dEtailEd dEtailEd aNswERs
(VERiFiEd dEtailEd aNswERs) |BRaNd NEw VERsioN!!
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - dEtailEd aNswER-It is where
the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - dEtailEd aNswER-Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - dEtailEd aNswER-It is
made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - dEtailEd aNswER-Blood hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - dEtailEd aNswER-Sodium/water removal, waste removal,
hormone production
What is acute renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness,
Injury, drug, Or toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-A long slow process where the kidney looses
its ability to function, it occurs in different stages
, What is end stage renal disease? - dEtailEd aNswER-Irreversible loss of kidney function
What are the types of ARF? - dEtailEd aNswER-Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - dEtailEd aNswER-Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - dEtailEd aNswER-It can turn into intrinsic/
intrarenal and damage inside
What is pre-renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-When the damage is before the kidneys due to
decreased blood flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - dEtailEd aNswER-Too many diuretics,
vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - dEtailEd aNswER-Decreased blood flow means
decreased GFR, decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, then decreased GFR activates
RAAS. Angiotensin secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - dEtailEd aNswER-GFR is decreased
What is intra Renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-Its the damage that has occurred inside the
kidney due to:
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
QuEstioNs aNd CoRRECt dEtailEd dEtailEd aNswERs
(VERiFiEd dEtailEd aNswERs) |BRaNd NEw VERsioN!!
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - dEtailEd aNswER-It is where
the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - dEtailEd aNswER-Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - dEtailEd aNswER-It is
made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - dEtailEd aNswER-Blood hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - dEtailEd aNswER-Sodium/water removal, waste removal,
hormone production
What is acute renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness,
Injury, drug, Or toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-A long slow process where the kidney looses
its ability to function, it occurs in different stages
, What is end stage renal disease? - dEtailEd aNswER-Irreversible loss of kidney function
What are the types of ARF? - dEtailEd aNswER-Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - dEtailEd aNswER-Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - dEtailEd aNswER-It can turn into intrinsic/
intrarenal and damage inside
What is pre-renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-When the damage is before the kidneys due to
decreased blood flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - dEtailEd aNswER-Too many diuretics,
vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - dEtailEd aNswER-Decreased blood flow means
decreased GFR, decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, then decreased GFR activates
RAAS. Angiotensin secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - dEtailEd aNswER-GFR is decreased
What is intra Renal failure? - dEtailEd aNswER-Its the damage that has occurred inside the
kidney due to:
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
