BIOL 252 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY –
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS
RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE | EXAM PREP | STUDY GUIDE |
PRACTICE TEST
1. Which tissue type is primarily responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal
organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Nervous tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Rationale:
Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings of organs and body surfaces, enabling
absorption, secretion, and protection. Connective tissue supports structures, muscle tissue
enables movement, and nervous tissue transmits impulses.
2. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Blood clotting
B. Oxygen transport
C. Immune defense
D. Hormone production
Rationale:
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen to tissues. Platelets
handle clotting, white blood cells handle immunity, and hormones are produced by endocrine
glands.
3. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
,B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular
activities. The nucleus controls genetic material, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and the Golgi
apparatus modifies proteins.
4. Which system is responsible for maintaining body temperature and electrolyte balance?
A. Muscular system
B. Integumentary system
C. Skeletal system
D. Digestive system
Rationale:
The integumentary system (skin) regulates temperature through sweating and blood vessel
dilation and helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Other systems do not directly
regulate these functions.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Sarcomere
Rationale:
The nephron filters blood, reabsorbs essential substances, and produces urine. Neurons are
nerve cells, alveoli are in the lungs, and sarcomeres are muscle units.
6. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
A. Vein
B. Capillary
,C. Artery
D. Venule
Rationale:
Arteries transport blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated except for pulmonary
arteries. Veins return blood to the heart.
7. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
A. Digestion
B. Gas exchange
C. Immune defense and fluid balance
D. Hormone secretion
Correct Answer: C. Immune defense and fluid balance
Rationale:
The lymphatic system removes excess fluid from tissues and supports immune defense by
filtering pathogens. It does not perform digestion or gas exchange.
8. Which type of muscle is voluntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Visceral muscle
Rationale:
Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control and attached to bones for movement. Smooth and
cardiac muscles are involuntary.
9. What is the main function of the large intestine?
A. Protein digestion
B. Nutrient absorption
, C. Water absorption and feces formation
D. Enzyme secretion
Rationale:
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and compacts waste into feces. Nutrient
absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
10. Which structure controls all cellular activities?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale:
The nucleus contains DNA and regulates all cellular functions. The cytoplasm is a medium
for reactions, the membrane controls entry/exit, and lysosomes digest waste.
11. What is the primary function of white blood cells?
A. Oxygen transport
B. Immune defense
C. Clot formation
D. Nutrient transport
Rationale:
White blood cells protect the body against infection by identifying and destroying pathogens.
12. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS
RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE | EXAM PREP | STUDY GUIDE |
PRACTICE TEST
1. Which tissue type is primarily responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal
organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Nervous tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Rationale:
Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings of organs and body surfaces, enabling
absorption, secretion, and protection. Connective tissue supports structures, muscle tissue
enables movement, and nervous tissue transmits impulses.
2. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Blood clotting
B. Oxygen transport
C. Immune defense
D. Hormone production
Rationale:
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen to tissues. Platelets
handle clotting, white blood cells handle immunity, and hormones are produced by endocrine
glands.
3. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
,B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Rationale:
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular
activities. The nucleus controls genetic material, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and the Golgi
apparatus modifies proteins.
4. Which system is responsible for maintaining body temperature and electrolyte balance?
A. Muscular system
B. Integumentary system
C. Skeletal system
D. Digestive system
Rationale:
The integumentary system (skin) regulates temperature through sweating and blood vessel
dilation and helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Other systems do not directly
regulate these functions.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Sarcomere
Rationale:
The nephron filters blood, reabsorbs essential substances, and produces urine. Neurons are
nerve cells, alveoli are in the lungs, and sarcomeres are muscle units.
6. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
A. Vein
B. Capillary
,C. Artery
D. Venule
Rationale:
Arteries transport blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated except for pulmonary
arteries. Veins return blood to the heart.
7. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
A. Digestion
B. Gas exchange
C. Immune defense and fluid balance
D. Hormone secretion
Correct Answer: C. Immune defense and fluid balance
Rationale:
The lymphatic system removes excess fluid from tissues and supports immune defense by
filtering pathogens. It does not perform digestion or gas exchange.
8. Which type of muscle is voluntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Visceral muscle
Rationale:
Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control and attached to bones for movement. Smooth and
cardiac muscles are involuntary.
9. What is the main function of the large intestine?
A. Protein digestion
B. Nutrient absorption
, C. Water absorption and feces formation
D. Enzyme secretion
Rationale:
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and compacts waste into feces. Nutrient
absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
10. Which structure controls all cellular activities?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale:
The nucleus contains DNA and regulates all cellular functions. The cytoplasm is a medium
for reactions, the membrane controls entry/exit, and lysosomes digest waste.
11. What is the primary function of white blood cells?
A. Oxygen transport
B. Immune defense
C. Clot formation
D. Nutrient transport
Rationale:
White blood cells protect the body against infection by identifying and destroying pathogens.
12. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
