BIOL 251: Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab 2026 - 2027
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Module 3: Bones and Skeletal Tissue
Complete Exam Review Questions with Verified Answers |
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Question 1
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Synthesis of vitamin D
B) Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
C) Production of hormones
D) Digestion of proteins
Correct Answer: B) Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
Explanation: The skeletal system is responsible for hematopoiesis,
which occurs in the red bone marrow. Vitamin D synthesis occurs in
the skin, hormones are produced by endocrine glands, and digestion
is a function of the digestive system. The five primary functions of
the skeletal system are support, protection, movement, mineral
storage, and blood cell production .
,Question 2
The five primary functions of the skeletal system include support,
protection, movement, mineral storage, and:
A) Heat production
B) Blood cell production
C) Hormone secretion
D) Nutrient absorption
Correct Answer: B) Blood cell production
Explanation: The fifth major function is hematopoiesis (blood cell
production) in red bone marrow. Heat production is primarily a
function of muscle tissue, hormones are produced by endocrine
glands, and nutrient absorption is a function of the digestive system.
Red bone marrow is found in the trabeculae of spongy bone .
Question 3
Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue
(bone resorption)?
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Chondrocyte
Correct Answer: C) Osteoclast
,Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells derived
from monocytes/macrophages that function in bone resorption
(breakdown). They release enzymes and acids that dissolve the bone
matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. Osteoblasts form
bone, osteocytes maintain bone matrix, and chondrocytes produce
cartilage .
Question 4
Which bone cell is responsible for bone formation?
A) Osteoclast
B) Osteoblast
C) Osteocyte
D) Chondrocyte
Correct Answer: B) Osteoblast
Explanation: Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and
secrete the organic components (collagen and other proteins) of the
bone matrix (osteoid), which then mineralizes. Osteoclasts break
down bone, osteocytes maintain bone, and chondrocytes produce
cartilage .
Question 5
The structural unit of compact bone is the:
, A) Trabecula
B) Osteon (Haversian system)
C) Lamella
D) Canaliculus
Correct Answer: B) Osteon (Haversian system)
Explanation: The osteon is a cylindrical structure consisting of
concentric lamellae around a central canal containing blood vessels
and nerves. Trabeculae are found in spongy bone, lamellae are the
concentric rings within osteons, and canaliculi are microscopic
channels connecting lacunae .
Question 6
The central (Haversian) canal contains:
A) Osteocytes
B) Blood vessels and nerves
C) Red bone marrow
D) Cartilage
Correct Answer: B) Blood vessels and nerves
Explanation: The central (Haversian) canal runs longitudinally
through the core of each osteon, providing blood supply and
innervation to the bone tissue. Osteocytes are in lacunae between
lamellae, red marrow is in spongy bone, and cartilage is not found in
compact bone .
Portage learning
Module 3: Bones and Skeletal Tissue
Complete Exam Review Questions with Verified Answers |
LockDown Browser (GUARANTEED PASS)
Question 1
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Synthesis of vitamin D
B) Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
C) Production of hormones
D) Digestion of proteins
Correct Answer: B) Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
Explanation: The skeletal system is responsible for hematopoiesis,
which occurs in the red bone marrow. Vitamin D synthesis occurs in
the skin, hormones are produced by endocrine glands, and digestion
is a function of the digestive system. The five primary functions of
the skeletal system are support, protection, movement, mineral
storage, and blood cell production .
,Question 2
The five primary functions of the skeletal system include support,
protection, movement, mineral storage, and:
A) Heat production
B) Blood cell production
C) Hormone secretion
D) Nutrient absorption
Correct Answer: B) Blood cell production
Explanation: The fifth major function is hematopoiesis (blood cell
production) in red bone marrow. Heat production is primarily a
function of muscle tissue, hormones are produced by endocrine
glands, and nutrient absorption is a function of the digestive system.
Red bone marrow is found in the trabeculae of spongy bone .
Question 3
Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue
(bone resorption)?
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Chondrocyte
Correct Answer: C) Osteoclast
,Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells derived
from monocytes/macrophages that function in bone resorption
(breakdown). They release enzymes and acids that dissolve the bone
matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. Osteoblasts form
bone, osteocytes maintain bone matrix, and chondrocytes produce
cartilage .
Question 4
Which bone cell is responsible for bone formation?
A) Osteoclast
B) Osteoblast
C) Osteocyte
D) Chondrocyte
Correct Answer: B) Osteoblast
Explanation: Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and
secrete the organic components (collagen and other proteins) of the
bone matrix (osteoid), which then mineralizes. Osteoclasts break
down bone, osteocytes maintain bone, and chondrocytes produce
cartilage .
Question 5
The structural unit of compact bone is the:
, A) Trabecula
B) Osteon (Haversian system)
C) Lamella
D) Canaliculus
Correct Answer: B) Osteon (Haversian system)
Explanation: The osteon is a cylindrical structure consisting of
concentric lamellae around a central canal containing blood vessels
and nerves. Trabeculae are found in spongy bone, lamellae are the
concentric rings within osteons, and canaliculi are microscopic
channels connecting lacunae .
Question 6
The central (Haversian) canal contains:
A) Osteocytes
B) Blood vessels and nerves
C) Red bone marrow
D) Cartilage
Correct Answer: B) Blood vessels and nerves
Explanation: The central (Haversian) canal runs longitudinally
through the core of each osteon, providing blood supply and
innervation to the bone tissue. Osteocytes are in lacunae between
lamellae, red marrow is in spongy bone, and cartilage is not found in
compact bone .
