MODULE 7 EXAM PORTAGE LEARNING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS NEWEST VERSION
What is Barrett's esophagus? - Answer The normal squamous mucosa that lines
the esophagus is gradually replaced by abnormal columnar epithelium (as seen in
the stomach or intestines). Major risk factor for developing esophageal
adenocarcinoma.
The main functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, (also called the alimentary
canal). - Answer -digest food and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. --long,
muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.
-The upper GI tract contains the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
-The middle GI tract contains the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum;
-The lower tract contains the cecum, colon, and rectum. The accessory organs
include the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas. Figure 7.1 depicts the digestive
system and its organs.
As the point of entry for food and the beginning of the digestive tract, the mouth -
Answer -begins the process of digestion.
-Food is masticated (chewed) while the tongue and salivary glands act in concert,
preparing food to be swallowed.
-salivary glands produce saliva, lubricate the ease of swallowing, and break down
food
,-Saliva contains multiple enzymes, such as salivary amylase, which breaks down
carbohydrates, and lipase, which breaks down fats.
The esophagus - Answer -serves to pass food from the pharynx to the stomach.
- contains smooth muscle layers that use peristalsis (alternating muscular
contractions) to move food through the GI tract.
-The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is located in the upper esophagus and prevents
air from entering the esophagus and stomach during breathing.
-The gastroesophageal sphincter is located in the lower region of the esophagus,
connecting it to the stomach. Prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
The stomach - Answer -holds food in storage during the early stages of
digestion.
-Carbohydrate and protein digestion (by pepsin) occur here. As shown in Figure
7.2, the area where the esophagus opens into the stomach is called the cardiac
region, due to its proximity to the heart.
-The dome-shaped portion is called the fundus, and the middle portion is the body.
The region that connects the stomach to the small intestine is called the pyloric
region. -The pyloric sphincter controls the emptying of stomach contents into the
small intestine and prevents the backflow of contents into the stomach.
The small intestine - Answer - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
-The duodenum is approximately 10 inches long.
-The jejunum and ileum have a combined length of approximately 9-20 feet (this
can vary greatly depending on the size of the person).
-The small intestine is where the majority of digestion and absorption takes place.
Assisting in the digestive process, bile and pancreatic juices enter the intestine
through the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct, respectively. -For lipid
, digestion to occur, fat must be broken down into smaller pieces so that the water-
soluble digestive enzymes can act on the surface molecules.
-Emulsification starts in the stomach with agitation (or mechanical digestion) and
continues in the duodenum with the help of bile and pancreatic lipase (chemical
digestion). The small intestine contains a large surface area composed of villi and
circular folds, which allows for the absorption of nutrients. Absorption is the
process of moving nutrients and other materials from the external environment of
the GI tract into the internal environment.
The large intestine - Answer -4.5-5 feet long and 2.4-2.7 inches in diameter.
-It is comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
-The ileocecal valve is located at the cecum and prevents feces from flowing back
into the ileum.
-The colon is further divided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and
sigmoid sections.
-The rectum connects the sigmoid colon to the anus.
-The anal canal has strong sphincter muscles that prevent incontinence.
-The large intestine reabsorbs mainly water and serves as a storage site for waste
until defecation occurs.
Liver - Answer -is the largest visceral organ in the body,
-The liver is unique in that is has a venous (portal) blood supply through the
hepatic portal vein that receives about 75% of blood per minute, and an arterial
supply through the hepatic artery that receives the remaining 25% of blood.
-The venous blood comes from the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen as seen in
Figure 7.3.
-The hepatic vein in the liver drains into the inferior vena cava, below the level of
the diaphragm. Due to this pressure difference, the liver can store approximately
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS NEWEST VERSION
What is Barrett's esophagus? - Answer The normal squamous mucosa that lines
the esophagus is gradually replaced by abnormal columnar epithelium (as seen in
the stomach or intestines). Major risk factor for developing esophageal
adenocarcinoma.
The main functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, (also called the alimentary
canal). - Answer -digest food and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. --long,
muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.
-The upper GI tract contains the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
-The middle GI tract contains the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum;
-The lower tract contains the cecum, colon, and rectum. The accessory organs
include the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas. Figure 7.1 depicts the digestive
system and its organs.
As the point of entry for food and the beginning of the digestive tract, the mouth -
Answer -begins the process of digestion.
-Food is masticated (chewed) while the tongue and salivary glands act in concert,
preparing food to be swallowed.
-salivary glands produce saliva, lubricate the ease of swallowing, and break down
food
,-Saliva contains multiple enzymes, such as salivary amylase, which breaks down
carbohydrates, and lipase, which breaks down fats.
The esophagus - Answer -serves to pass food from the pharynx to the stomach.
- contains smooth muscle layers that use peristalsis (alternating muscular
contractions) to move food through the GI tract.
-The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is located in the upper esophagus and prevents
air from entering the esophagus and stomach during breathing.
-The gastroesophageal sphincter is located in the lower region of the esophagus,
connecting it to the stomach. Prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
The stomach - Answer -holds food in storage during the early stages of
digestion.
-Carbohydrate and protein digestion (by pepsin) occur here. As shown in Figure
7.2, the area where the esophagus opens into the stomach is called the cardiac
region, due to its proximity to the heart.
-The dome-shaped portion is called the fundus, and the middle portion is the body.
The region that connects the stomach to the small intestine is called the pyloric
region. -The pyloric sphincter controls the emptying of stomach contents into the
small intestine and prevents the backflow of contents into the stomach.
The small intestine - Answer - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
-The duodenum is approximately 10 inches long.
-The jejunum and ileum have a combined length of approximately 9-20 feet (this
can vary greatly depending on the size of the person).
-The small intestine is where the majority of digestion and absorption takes place.
Assisting in the digestive process, bile and pancreatic juices enter the intestine
through the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct, respectively. -For lipid
, digestion to occur, fat must be broken down into smaller pieces so that the water-
soluble digestive enzymes can act on the surface molecules.
-Emulsification starts in the stomach with agitation (or mechanical digestion) and
continues in the duodenum with the help of bile and pancreatic lipase (chemical
digestion). The small intestine contains a large surface area composed of villi and
circular folds, which allows for the absorption of nutrients. Absorption is the
process of moving nutrients and other materials from the external environment of
the GI tract into the internal environment.
The large intestine - Answer -4.5-5 feet long and 2.4-2.7 inches in diameter.
-It is comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
-The ileocecal valve is located at the cecum and prevents feces from flowing back
into the ileum.
-The colon is further divided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and
sigmoid sections.
-The rectum connects the sigmoid colon to the anus.
-The anal canal has strong sphincter muscles that prevent incontinence.
-The large intestine reabsorbs mainly water and serves as a storage site for waste
until defecation occurs.
Liver - Answer -is the largest visceral organ in the body,
-The liver is unique in that is has a venous (portal) blood supply through the
hepatic portal vein that receives about 75% of blood per minute, and an arterial
supply through the hepatic artery that receives the remaining 25% of blood.
-The venous blood comes from the digestive tract, pancreas, and spleen as seen in
Figure 7.3.
-The hepatic vein in the liver drains into the inferior vena cava, below the level of
the diaphragm. Due to this pressure difference, the liver can store approximately
