MCB 450 Exam 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
4 major types of biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
All living organisms can replicate their genetic material
"replicated molecule" = - CORRECT ANSWER DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
All living organisms convert information stored in DNA
Into protein - CORRECT ANSWER (via RNA = ribonucleic acid)
Proteins allow cells to - CORRECT ANSWER transform energy and use it to power
biochemical reactions
Make the biomolecules that they themselves are made of
Replicate themselves
The elements of life - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Phosphorus, Sulfur
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
"Flow of genetic information" - CORRECT ANSWER DNA is replicated and transcribed into
RNA, RNA is translated into protein
The four classes of biological molecules are all - CORRECT ANSWER polymers and very
long
Amino Acids are the building blocks of - CORRECT ANSWER proteins
There are hundreds of amino acids but only____________ are used for protein synthesis and they are
____________ shaped amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER 20, L
,What type of reaction is a peptide bond? - CORRECT ANSWER condensation reaction
(H2O is eliminated between the COOH of one amino acid and the NH2 of the next)
Formation of a peptide bond is mediated by - CORRECT ANSWER peptidyltransferase
What are the various functions of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Regulation (txn factors)
2) Signaling (hormones, txn factors, growth factors)
3) Transport
4) Catlysis (enzymes)
5) Movement (actin, myosin, tubulin)
6) Structure (collagen, elastin, fibroin)
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER the information molecules in the cell
Bc central dogma of molecular biology: information flow from DNA to RNA then to protein.
What are nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWER building blocks of nucleic acids
A,T,G, C, U
What is a nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER Nitrogen base + sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
and phosphate group
Nucleic Aicids are _______________ of NT's - CORRECT ANSWER polymers
How do nucleic acids form - CORRECT ANSWER via condensation rxn 3' to 5'
phosphodiester linkage.H2O eliminated between OH of nucleotide and phosphate of the next
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER contain fatty acids are components of membrane, fatty acids are
a form of fuel storage
Lipids are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER Glycerol molecule bonded to long
hydrocarbon chains
, Depending on the lipid molecule can be a phosphate group
What do fats consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Fats are created via - CORRECT ANSWER 3 condensation rxns creating ester linkages
Ester link - CORRECT ANSWER the link produced when an ester is formed
From a carboxylic acid and hydroxyl; also found
In polyesters and in the esters present in fats and
Vegetable oils
Glycerol and fatty acids join to create an ester linkage via - CORRECT ANSWER a
dehydration synthesis where 3 H2O's are removed via Acetyltransferase
Fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER long hydrocarbon chain + carboxyl group
Saturated - CORRECT ANSWER Single bond can pack more tightly together at room
temperature and this makes it a solid at room temperature. (e.g., butter)
Found in most fats
Unsaturated - CORRECT ANSWER one or more double bonds
Double bonds create a kink in the hydrocarbon tail, which in return results in looser packing
Common in natural fats
Isoelectric point - CORRECT ANSWER The ph value at which the amino acid exists as a
zwitterion
Concentration of the COO- is equal to the concentration of NH3+
Iso-electric point ph at which amino group will donate H - CORRECT ANSWER 9.6
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
4 major types of biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
All living organisms can replicate their genetic material
"replicated molecule" = - CORRECT ANSWER DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
All living organisms convert information stored in DNA
Into protein - CORRECT ANSWER (via RNA = ribonucleic acid)
Proteins allow cells to - CORRECT ANSWER transform energy and use it to power
biochemical reactions
Make the biomolecules that they themselves are made of
Replicate themselves
The elements of life - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Phosphorus, Sulfur
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
"Flow of genetic information" - CORRECT ANSWER DNA is replicated and transcribed into
RNA, RNA is translated into protein
The four classes of biological molecules are all - CORRECT ANSWER polymers and very
long
Amino Acids are the building blocks of - CORRECT ANSWER proteins
There are hundreds of amino acids but only____________ are used for protein synthesis and they are
____________ shaped amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER 20, L
,What type of reaction is a peptide bond? - CORRECT ANSWER condensation reaction
(H2O is eliminated between the COOH of one amino acid and the NH2 of the next)
Formation of a peptide bond is mediated by - CORRECT ANSWER peptidyltransferase
What are the various functions of proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Regulation (txn factors)
2) Signaling (hormones, txn factors, growth factors)
3) Transport
4) Catlysis (enzymes)
5) Movement (actin, myosin, tubulin)
6) Structure (collagen, elastin, fibroin)
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER the information molecules in the cell
Bc central dogma of molecular biology: information flow from DNA to RNA then to protein.
What are nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWER building blocks of nucleic acids
A,T,G, C, U
What is a nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER Nitrogen base + sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
and phosphate group
Nucleic Aicids are _______________ of NT's - CORRECT ANSWER polymers
How do nucleic acids form - CORRECT ANSWER via condensation rxn 3' to 5'
phosphodiester linkage.H2O eliminated between OH of nucleotide and phosphate of the next
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER contain fatty acids are components of membrane, fatty acids are
a form of fuel storage
Lipids are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER Glycerol molecule bonded to long
hydrocarbon chains
, Depending on the lipid molecule can be a phosphate group
What do fats consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Fats are created via - CORRECT ANSWER 3 condensation rxns creating ester linkages
Ester link - CORRECT ANSWER the link produced when an ester is formed
From a carboxylic acid and hydroxyl; also found
In polyesters and in the esters present in fats and
Vegetable oils
Glycerol and fatty acids join to create an ester linkage via - CORRECT ANSWER a
dehydration synthesis where 3 H2O's are removed via Acetyltransferase
Fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER long hydrocarbon chain + carboxyl group
Saturated - CORRECT ANSWER Single bond can pack more tightly together at room
temperature and this makes it a solid at room temperature. (e.g., butter)
Found in most fats
Unsaturated - CORRECT ANSWER one or more double bonds
Double bonds create a kink in the hydrocarbon tail, which in return results in looser packing
Common in natural fats
Isoelectric point - CORRECT ANSWER The ph value at which the amino acid exists as a
zwitterion
Concentration of the COO- is equal to the concentration of NH3+
Iso-electric point ph at which amino group will donate H - CORRECT ANSWER 9.6
