NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
Question 1
What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Obesity-related insulin excess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Question 2
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells, lowering blood glucose.
,Question 3
Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance.
Question 4
What organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
Question 5
Which electrolyte is most important for cardiac muscle contraction?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is essential for myocardial contraction.
Question 6
,Which condition is caused by excess thyroid hormone?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cushing’s disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism results from excessive thyroid hormone production.
Question 7
Which hormone increases blood glucose during stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and raises blood glucose.
Question 8
Which organ filters blood to produce urine?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Lung
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid balance.
Question 9
, Which disease is characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous
system?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. ALS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS involves autoimmune demyelination in the CNS.
Question 10
Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease involves dopamine depletion.
Question 11
Which condition is associated with excess growth hormone in adults?
A. Acromegaly
B. Dwarfism
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Addison disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone after epiphyseal
closure.
Question 12
Exam Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
Question 1
What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Obesity-related insulin excess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-
producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Question 2
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells, lowering blood glucose.
,Question 3
Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance.
Question 4
What organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
Question 5
Which electrolyte is most important for cardiac muscle contraction?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is essential for myocardial contraction.
Question 6
,Which condition is caused by excess thyroid hormone?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cushing’s disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism results from excessive thyroid hormone production.
Question 7
Which hormone increases blood glucose during stress?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and raises blood glucose.
Question 8
Which organ filters blood to produce urine?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Lung
D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid balance.
Question 9
, Which disease is characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous
system?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. ALS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS involves autoimmune demyelination in the CNS.
Question 10
Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease involves dopamine depletion.
Question 11
Which condition is associated with excess growth hormone in adults?
A. Acromegaly
B. Dwarfism
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Addison disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone after epiphyseal
closure.
Question 12
