Air Methods Critical Care Exam V2– Air
Methods Critical Care Transport Assessment
– 2026/2027 Edition – Verified Questions
and Answers | 100% correct
Five rules of ABG interpretation
1. Evaluate the pH is it normal?
Two. Evaluate the PCO2. Is it acute or chronic for respiratory disorder?
Three. Evaluate the HCO3 and calculate the anion gap for metabolic disorder or delta gap. Check
if metabolic acidosis is present.
Four. Identify the primary disorder.
Five determine if compensation is present in the degree of compensation using winter's formula.
Is there more than one disorder?
Anion gap formula, and normal values
AG = NA -(Cl + HCO3). Normal range 12 +/- 4. Abnormal >16
ABG normal ranges
pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 -45
HCO3 (bicarb): 22 - 26
pO2. : 80-100
, Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes
MUDPILERS
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron, Isoniazide
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Rhabdo
Salicylates (late)
Non-anion metabolic acidosis
Hyperalimentation
Acetozolamide
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
Diarrhea
Rectosigmoidostomy
pancreatic fluid
Spironolactone
Respiratory acidosis
low pH, high CO2, high HCO3
Methods Critical Care Transport Assessment
– 2026/2027 Edition – Verified Questions
and Answers | 100% correct
Five rules of ABG interpretation
1. Evaluate the pH is it normal?
Two. Evaluate the PCO2. Is it acute or chronic for respiratory disorder?
Three. Evaluate the HCO3 and calculate the anion gap for metabolic disorder or delta gap. Check
if metabolic acidosis is present.
Four. Identify the primary disorder.
Five determine if compensation is present in the degree of compensation using winter's formula.
Is there more than one disorder?
Anion gap formula, and normal values
AG = NA -(Cl + HCO3). Normal range 12 +/- 4. Abnormal >16
ABG normal ranges
pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 -45
HCO3 (bicarb): 22 - 26
pO2. : 80-100
, Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes
MUDPILERS
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron, Isoniazide
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Rhabdo
Salicylates (late)
Non-anion metabolic acidosis
Hyperalimentation
Acetozolamide
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
Diarrhea
Rectosigmoidostomy
pancreatic fluid
Spironolactone
Respiratory acidosis
low pH, high CO2, high HCO3
