VNSG 1423 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
Microorganisms/Microbes
Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye
Pathogens
organisms that cause disease
flora and fauna
Tiny plants and animals normally found in the human body
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms found virtually anywhere. Some are harmful; some are harmless.
Viruses
tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in order
to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the process releasing new
particles to infect other cells.
TREATED WITH ANTI VIRAL MEDICATION
Rickettsia
a kind of microorganism that is between a virus and a bacterium; parasitic within the cells of
insects and ticks
Protozoa
one-celled organisms that live in water. can be ingested by humans through water or food. can
cause intestinal illnesses.
TREATED W/ ANTI-INFECTIVES SPECIFIC FOR CAUSATIVE PROTOZOAN
Fungi
made up of one or more cells. not all fungi require microscope to be seen/ cause illness when the
enter cracks in skin.
FUNGAL INFECTION TREATED W/ ANTIVIRAL MEDICATION
Helminths
parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans.
TREATED WITH ANTHELMINTICS/ANTIHELMINTHS
Vector
spread through the bites of insects, ticks, and mites
,Staphylococcus aureus (BACTERIA)
DISEASE :
Boils, toxic shock syndrome, osteomyelitis, and MRSA, which is a significant nosocomial
infection--both HA and CA forms
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics, although most strains are not killed by penicillin; HA-MRSA is resistant to many
antibiotics and is treated with selected IV antibiotics
Streptococcus group A (gram-positive coccus)
(BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Strep throat, ear infections, scarlet fever, and endocarditis; can lead to rheumatic fever, heart
valve damage, transient kidney damage
"Flesh-eating strep" is a rare strain causing necrotizing fasciitis that can lead to death
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Streptococcus group B (gram-positive coccus)
(BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Neonatal infections, especially in premature births, causing pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia
in newborns
TREATMENT:
IV antibiotics
Clostridium perfringens (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Gas gangrene in contaminated wounds—spores live in dead tissue and produce toxins that
destroy more tissue, so bacteria spreads; gas forms bubbles in the dead tissue
TREATMENT:
Amputation of affected limb
Clostridium difficile (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Severe diarrhea; often develops with antibiotic therapy and is called pseudomembranous
enterocolitis; this is a significant nosocomial pathogen
, TREATMENT:
Few antibiotics are used to treat this; vancomycin and metronidazole are two used often
Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:Normally found in the colon but can cause infection if it enters the urinary tract or
other parts of the body; common cause of nosocomial infections
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Infection of colon causing bloody diarrhea and kidney failure, known as hemolytic uremic
"syndrome"; can be fatal; often results from consuming undercooked ground meat
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics, dialysis for kidney failure
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Tuberculosis that destroys lung tissue, leaving large cavities; drug-resistant strains are becoming
more common
TREATMENT:
Antituberculosis medications
Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Lyme disease; spirochete transmitted by deer tick to human, causing flu-like symptoms, irregular
heartbeat, and possible arthritis
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Rickettsia rickettsii (bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever spread by ticks; causes high fever, rash, and pneumonia and can
lead to death
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Answers
Microorganisms/Microbes
Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye
Pathogens
organisms that cause disease
flora and fauna
Tiny plants and animals normally found in the human body
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms found virtually anywhere. Some are harmful; some are harmless.
Viruses
tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in order
to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the process releasing new
particles to infect other cells.
TREATED WITH ANTI VIRAL MEDICATION
Rickettsia
a kind of microorganism that is between a virus and a bacterium; parasitic within the cells of
insects and ticks
Protozoa
one-celled organisms that live in water. can be ingested by humans through water or food. can
cause intestinal illnesses.
TREATED W/ ANTI-INFECTIVES SPECIFIC FOR CAUSATIVE PROTOZOAN
Fungi
made up of one or more cells. not all fungi require microscope to be seen/ cause illness when the
enter cracks in skin.
FUNGAL INFECTION TREATED W/ ANTIVIRAL MEDICATION
Helminths
parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans.
TREATED WITH ANTHELMINTICS/ANTIHELMINTHS
Vector
spread through the bites of insects, ticks, and mites
,Staphylococcus aureus (BACTERIA)
DISEASE :
Boils, toxic shock syndrome, osteomyelitis, and MRSA, which is a significant nosocomial
infection--both HA and CA forms
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics, although most strains are not killed by penicillin; HA-MRSA is resistant to many
antibiotics and is treated with selected IV antibiotics
Streptococcus group A (gram-positive coccus)
(BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Strep throat, ear infections, scarlet fever, and endocarditis; can lead to rheumatic fever, heart
valve damage, transient kidney damage
"Flesh-eating strep" is a rare strain causing necrotizing fasciitis that can lead to death
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Streptococcus group B (gram-positive coccus)
(BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Neonatal infections, especially in premature births, causing pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia
in newborns
TREATMENT:
IV antibiotics
Clostridium perfringens (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Gas gangrene in contaminated wounds—spores live in dead tissue and produce toxins that
destroy more tissue, so bacteria spreads; gas forms bubbles in the dead tissue
TREATMENT:
Amputation of affected limb
Clostridium difficile (gram-positive bacillus; spore forming) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Severe diarrhea; often develops with antibiotic therapy and is called pseudomembranous
enterocolitis; this is a significant nosocomial pathogen
, TREATMENT:
Few antibiotics are used to treat this; vancomycin and metronidazole are two used often
Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:Normally found in the colon but can cause infection if it enters the urinary tract or
other parts of the body; common cause of nosocomial infections
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Infection of colon causing bloody diarrhea and kidney failure, known as hemolytic uremic
"syndrome"; can be fatal; often results from consuming undercooked ground meat
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics, dialysis for kidney failure
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Tuberculosis that destroys lung tissue, leaving large cavities; drug-resistant strains are becoming
more common
TREATMENT:
Antituberculosis medications
Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Lyme disease; spirochete transmitted by deer tick to human, causing flu-like symptoms, irregular
heartbeat, and possible arthritis
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Rickettsia rickettsii (bacillus) (BACTERIA)
DISEASE:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever spread by ticks; causes high fever, rash, and pneumonia and can
lead to death
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
