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Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th
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Edition by Morrison-Valfre
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,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care L
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MULTIPLE CHOICE L
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1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational
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T the more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud.
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Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
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personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of
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medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and
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Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 L
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TOP: Early Years of Mental Health T KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by
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T professionals. This practice led to
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a. classifications
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Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate L
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recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding
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mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 T L T L L
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TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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,3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and
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a. Dix.
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d. Carter.
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Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix
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crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
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Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 L
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TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841, T L surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
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a. Sigmund Freud L
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b. John Cade L
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c. Florence Nightingale L
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d. Dorothea Dix T L
ANS: D T L
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with
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major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis,
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John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale
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trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 L
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TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for
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a.early detection of symptoms of mental illness. L
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b.education of caregivers. T L L
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c.current treatment options. L
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d.removing the stigma attached to mental illness. L
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ANS: D T L
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for
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the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people
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throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental
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illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge L
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, TOP: Mental Illness in the 20th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy L
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d. Amphetamine therapy L
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ANS: B T L
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
Twere used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral
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Ttherapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from
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Tan imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to
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T treat?
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c. Severe depression T L
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ANS: C T L
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
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schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In
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1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which
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a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
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b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
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c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
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d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
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ANS: C T L
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
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thalamus.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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T
T
Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th
T L T L T L T L T L
Edition by Morrison-Valfre
T L T L T L
,Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care L
T L
T T L L
T L
T T L T L
MULTIPLE CHOICE L
T
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
T soul controlled the irrational soulcould be compared with the belief of
L L
T T L L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T T L L
T
T the more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud.
b. Pinel.
c. Fisher.
d. Rush.
ANS: A T L
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of
T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T L
T T L T L L
T T L L
T T L L
T L
T
medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L L
T L
T L
T
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 L
T L
T T L
TOP: Early Years of Mental Health T KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
L T L T L T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
T L T L T L T L T L
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by
L
T T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T L
T T L T L L
T L
T
T professionals. This practice led to
L T L T L T L T L _ for different abnormal behaviors.
T L T L T L T L
a. classifications
b. diagnosing
c. treatment
d. education
ANS: A T L
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate L
T L
T L
T L
T T L T L T L L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T T L T L
recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
mental health disorders were not available during this period.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 T L T L L
T
TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
T L L
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,3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and
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T L
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T T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L L
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T inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
a. Dix.
b. Beers.
c. Pinel.
d. Carter.
ANS: C T L
Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix
L
T L
T L
T L
T L
T T L L
T T L L
T L
T L
T T L T L L
T
crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L L
T T L
Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978.
L
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T T L L
T T L L
T L
T L
T L
T L
T T L
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 L
T L
T T L
TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L L
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T L
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841, T L surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
T Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of
L T L T L T L T L L
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T L
T L
T L
T L
T T L
T the mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud L
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b. John Cade L
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c. Florence Nightingale L
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d. Dorothea Dix T L
ANS: D T L
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with
L
T L
T T L L
T L
T T L L
T T L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L L
T T L
major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis,
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 L
T L
T T L
TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L L
T L
T L
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for
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T T L T L L
T L
T L
T T L L
T T L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L T L L
T
T Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
a.early detection of symptoms of mental illness. L
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T T L T L T L
b.education of caregivers. T L L
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c.current treatment options. L
T T L
d.removing the stigma attached to mental illness. L
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T T L L
T L
T
ANS: D T L
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for
T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L T L T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T L
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the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental
T L L
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T T L L
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illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
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T T L L
T L
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge L
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, TOP: Mental Illness in the 20th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
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MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that
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T L
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T L
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T could last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy L
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b. Insulin therapy L
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c. Humoral therapy L
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d. Amphetamine therapy L
T
ANS: B T L
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
Twere used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral
L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T L
T T L L
T L
T T L
Ttherapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L L
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Tan imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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T L
T L
T L
T L
T
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
T L L
T T L L
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to
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T L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T
T treat?
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a. Schizophrenia
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c. Severe depression T L
d. Violent behavior T L
ANS: C T L
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In
T L T L L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T T L L
T L
T L
T L
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1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L T L
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
T L T L T L L
T L
T L
T L
T L
T
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
T L L
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8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which
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T L
T T L T L L
T L
T T L L
T T L T L T L T L T L
T description of this procedure is accurate?
L T L T L T L T L T L
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.
L
T L
T T L T L L
T L
T T L L
T T L L
T T L T L T L
b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.
L
T L
T L
T T L T L T L L
T T L T L L
T T L L
T T L T L
c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.
L
T L
T L
T T L T L T L L
T T L L
T T L T L L
T T L
d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.
L
T L
T T L T L L
T T L L
T L
T L
T T L L
T T L
ANS: C T L
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
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T L
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T L
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T T L L
T L
T T L T L L
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thalamus.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 T L T L T L
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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