BIO 669 Exam 1Study Guide Questions with
Answers | 2026 Latest Solutions | 100% Pass
!!!
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - answers hypovolemia
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - answers fully compensated
respiratory acidosis
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percentages (40,
5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular = - answers ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the
damaged tissue is septic or sterile - answers False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also called the
immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is programmed to
respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities, jaundice, icterus,
and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his albumin levels are 1.2. Which
option below describe the process behind the ascites and pitting edema ?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - answers B- decreased capillary oncotic
pressure
Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid - answers D- carbonic acid
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease __________
_________ by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the kidneys will
regulate the levels of __________ to maintain a safe pH. - answers Carbonic
acid/bicarbonate
,A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease bowel sounds,
thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? - answers Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ - answers Answer:
water, cells
Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - answers Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - answers Hyperkalemia,
peaked T waves
A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during healing. -
answers Keloid
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent U wave
on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6 - answers c.) Potassium 2.2
What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
d.) All of the above - answers c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved
in bodies of water
Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
,C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin - answers B. Acetylcholine
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine formation, the
formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium - answers D. Sodium
All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - answers D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
A: prostaglandins
B: Eosinaphils
C: Leukotrienes
D: Platelet-activating factors - answers C: Leukotrienes
Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
B) Hypokalemia
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
d) Recurrent vomiting - answers a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor - answers a) Associated with
hyperkalemia
Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure - answers A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
, D. Interstitial oncotic pressure
Immunization is an example of which type of immunity?
A. Active
B. Passive - answers A. Active Immunity
In order for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS what criteria must be met?
a. CD4 T Cells >400
b. CD4 T Cells <150
c. CD4 T Cells <200
d. CD4 T Cells <400 - answers c. CD4 T Cells <200
A 60 year old woman presents with a complicated wound to her left calf. Throughout the
assessment you gather information from the patient and find out the patient is currently
smoking. What information would you give to the patient in regards to her current
smoking habits and her complicated wound?
a. You can continue to smoke even with your current wound because it will not effect
the healing process in any way.
b. Smoking during the healing process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing
ischemia and interrupt the healing process.
c. There are no reason for you to quit smoking since smoking does not effect our health
in any way.
d. You should stop smoking because it can increase your risk factors of getting lung
disease and cardiovascular disease as well. - answers b. Smoking during the healing
process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing ischemia and interrupt the
healing process.
Non-volatile acids such as lactic acid cannot be converted into a gas and excreted as
__________, so they must be buffered through the __________.
a) C02, kidneys
b) HC03, respiratory system
c) C02, respiratory system
d) HC03, kidneys - answers a) C02, kidneys
As Na+ travels into the cell, ions travel outside to maintain equality which may lead to
acid/base imbalances.
a) Cl-
b) H+
c) Ca++
Answers | 2026 Latest Solutions | 100% Pass
!!!
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - answers hypovolemia
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - answers fully compensated
respiratory acidosis
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percentages (40,
5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
Interstitial =
Intravascular = - answers ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the
damaged tissue is septic or sterile - answers False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also called the
immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is programmed to
respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities, jaundice, icterus,
and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his albumin levels are 1.2. Which
option below describe the process behind the ascites and pitting edema ?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - answers B- decreased capillary oncotic
pressure
Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid - answers D- carbonic acid
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease __________
_________ by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the kidneys will
regulate the levels of __________ to maintain a safe pH. - answers Carbonic
acid/bicarbonate
,A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease bowel sounds,
thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? - answers Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ - answers Answer:
water, cells
Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - answers Answer: B, C, D
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - answers Hyperkalemia,
peaked T waves
A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during healing. -
answers Keloid
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent U wave
on EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6 - answers c.) Potassium 2.2
What is an electrolyte?
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
d.) All of the above - answers c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved
in bodies of water
Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
,C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin - answers B. Acetylcholine
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine formation, the
formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral edema
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium - answers D. Sodium
All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - answers D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
A: prostaglandins
B: Eosinaphils
C: Leukotrienes
D: Platelet-activating factors - answers C: Leukotrienes
Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
B) Hypokalemia
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
d) Recurrent vomiting - answers a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor - answers a) Associated with
hyperkalemia
Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure - answers A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
, D. Interstitial oncotic pressure
Immunization is an example of which type of immunity?
A. Active
B. Passive - answers A. Active Immunity
In order for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS what criteria must be met?
a. CD4 T Cells >400
b. CD4 T Cells <150
c. CD4 T Cells <200
d. CD4 T Cells <400 - answers c. CD4 T Cells <200
A 60 year old woman presents with a complicated wound to her left calf. Throughout the
assessment you gather information from the patient and find out the patient is currently
smoking. What information would you give to the patient in regards to her current
smoking habits and her complicated wound?
a. You can continue to smoke even with your current wound because it will not effect
the healing process in any way.
b. Smoking during the healing process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing
ischemia and interrupt the healing process.
c. There are no reason for you to quit smoking since smoking does not effect our health
in any way.
d. You should stop smoking because it can increase your risk factors of getting lung
disease and cardiovascular disease as well. - answers b. Smoking during the healing
process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing ischemia and interrupt the
healing process.
Non-volatile acids such as lactic acid cannot be converted into a gas and excreted as
__________, so they must be buffered through the __________.
a) C02, kidneys
b) HC03, respiratory system
c) C02, respiratory system
d) HC03, kidneys - answers a) C02, kidneys
As Na+ travels into the cell, ions travel outside to maintain equality which may lead to
acid/base imbalances.
a) Cl-
b) H+
c) Ca++
