NUR 308-Cellular Regulation (Exam 3)
Questions With Accurate Answers
Cancer (Pathophysiology) - ANSWER -2nd leading cause of death worldwide
-Uncontrolled cell growth triggered by exposure to a carcinogen
Anaplasia - ANSWER Cell loses structure & function
Dysplasia - ANSWER Deranged cell growth
Neoplasia - ANSWER Uncontrolled cell proliferation
Metastasis - ANSWER The propensity for tumors to spread
Cancer (Risk Factors) - ANSWER -Carcinogens (radiation, benzene, HPV, sun
exposure, tobacco)
-Environment
-Hormones
-Lifestyle
-Infectious disease
-Medications
-Immune status
-Nutrition
Solid Tumor Malignancies - ANSWER -Arise from a specific organ
-Grow into masses that invade body tissues
Hematological Malignancies - ANSWER -Arise from hematopoietic cell line or
from secondary immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen)
-May affect any type of blood cell
Cancer (Staging) - ANSWER -I (more localized & contained)-IV (advanced or
metastatic)
-All hematologic malignancies are stage IV due to its lack of localization/not well
contained
CAUTION (Warning S&S) - ANSWER -Change in bowel/bladder habits
-A non-healing sore
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening/lump (breast or elsewhere)
, -Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer (General S&S) - ANSWER -Fatigue
-Unexplained weight loss
-Night sweats
Cancer (Primary Prevention) - ANSWER -Avoid carcinogens
-Immunization (HBV, HPV)
-Chemoprevention
Cancer (Health Promotion) - ANSWER -Low-fat diet with fruits, vegetables, lean
protein
-Limit sugar, salt, nitrates/nitrites, processed/red meat
-Weight/BMI maintenance
-Avoid tobacco
-Limit alcohol to 1 drink (F) or 2 drinks (M) per day
-Avoid recreational drug use, needle sharing, unprotected intercourse
-Use PPE & avoid exposure to radiation or chemicals
-Regular exercise
-Breastfeed infants for 6 months after birth
-Protect skin & eyes from UVA/UVB rays
-Remove moles
Cancer (Secondary Prevention) - ANSWER -Screening for early detection
Cancer (Tertiary Prevention) - ANSWER -Reduce morbidity & mortality following
diagnosis
Cancer (Diagnosis) - ANSWER -Labs
-Imaging (CT, MRI, PET scan, Ultrasound, XR)
-Biopsy (primary method of obtaining samples)
-Endoscopic procedure
Cancer (Treatment) - ANSWER -Antineoplastic medications
-Surgical treatment
-Radiation
-Stem cell & bone marrow transplants
Lung Cancer (Pathophysiology) - ANSWER -Bronchiogenic Carcinoma
-2nd most common cancer
-Small cell (SCLC) & Non-small cell (NSCLC)
-SCLC = poor prognosis
-NSCLC = good prognosis with early detection
Questions With Accurate Answers
Cancer (Pathophysiology) - ANSWER -2nd leading cause of death worldwide
-Uncontrolled cell growth triggered by exposure to a carcinogen
Anaplasia - ANSWER Cell loses structure & function
Dysplasia - ANSWER Deranged cell growth
Neoplasia - ANSWER Uncontrolled cell proliferation
Metastasis - ANSWER The propensity for tumors to spread
Cancer (Risk Factors) - ANSWER -Carcinogens (radiation, benzene, HPV, sun
exposure, tobacco)
-Environment
-Hormones
-Lifestyle
-Infectious disease
-Medications
-Immune status
-Nutrition
Solid Tumor Malignancies - ANSWER -Arise from a specific organ
-Grow into masses that invade body tissues
Hematological Malignancies - ANSWER -Arise from hematopoietic cell line or
from secondary immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen)
-May affect any type of blood cell
Cancer (Staging) - ANSWER -I (more localized & contained)-IV (advanced or
metastatic)
-All hematologic malignancies are stage IV due to its lack of localization/not well
contained
CAUTION (Warning S&S) - ANSWER -Change in bowel/bladder habits
-A non-healing sore
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening/lump (breast or elsewhere)
, -Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer (General S&S) - ANSWER -Fatigue
-Unexplained weight loss
-Night sweats
Cancer (Primary Prevention) - ANSWER -Avoid carcinogens
-Immunization (HBV, HPV)
-Chemoprevention
Cancer (Health Promotion) - ANSWER -Low-fat diet with fruits, vegetables, lean
protein
-Limit sugar, salt, nitrates/nitrites, processed/red meat
-Weight/BMI maintenance
-Avoid tobacco
-Limit alcohol to 1 drink (F) or 2 drinks (M) per day
-Avoid recreational drug use, needle sharing, unprotected intercourse
-Use PPE & avoid exposure to radiation or chemicals
-Regular exercise
-Breastfeed infants for 6 months after birth
-Protect skin & eyes from UVA/UVB rays
-Remove moles
Cancer (Secondary Prevention) - ANSWER -Screening for early detection
Cancer (Tertiary Prevention) - ANSWER -Reduce morbidity & mortality following
diagnosis
Cancer (Diagnosis) - ANSWER -Labs
-Imaging (CT, MRI, PET scan, Ultrasound, XR)
-Biopsy (primary method of obtaining samples)
-Endoscopic procedure
Cancer (Treatment) - ANSWER -Antineoplastic medications
-Surgical treatment
-Radiation
-Stem cell & bone marrow transplants
Lung Cancer (Pathophysiology) - ANSWER -Bronchiogenic Carcinoma
-2nd most common cancer
-Small cell (SCLC) & Non-small cell (NSCLC)
-SCLC = poor prognosis
-NSCLC = good prognosis with early detection
