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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-Popular motivational theory proposed by
Abraham Maslow in 1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - ANSWER-Individuals must satisfy a basic
series of needs before they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs - ANSWER-Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and
Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs - ANSWER-Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization,
Transcendence
Maslow's Physiological Need - ANSWER-Biological needs for survival, food, water,
shelter
Maslow's Safety Need - ANSWER-Protection from the elements, law and order,
financial security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - ANSWER-Need for interpersonal relationships -
friendships, intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need - ANSWER-Self-respect, respect from others, achievement,
status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need - ANSWER-Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need - ANSWER-Need focuses on the search for and expression of
beauty and balance.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need - ANSWER-Personal growth and fulfillment and the
realization of one's personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need - ANSWER-Meeting spiritual needs or helping others
achieve self-actualization.
Arnold Gesell - ANSWER-First theorist to observe and document stages of physical
development.
, Gesell's Maturational Theory - ANSWER-Child's growth & development are influenced
by both their environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy - ANSWER-The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18
and 24 months. Dozens of motor skills are added.
Early Childhood - ANSWER-The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old.
Improvements occur in both fine and gross motor skills.
Middle Childhood - ANSWER-The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but
steady gains in weight and height.
Adolescence - ANSWER-The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and
height increase rapidly and puberty begins.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER-Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive
Development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER-Theory that suggests children
move through four different stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.
Sensorimotor Stage - ANSWER-Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and
toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects.
Object Permanence - ANSWER-The understanding that objects continue to exist even
when they cannot be seen. Major development of sensorimotor stage.
Preoperational Stage - ANSWER-Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn
through pretend play. Egocentric and struggle to see others perspective.
Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER-Stage of development from 7 to 11 years.
Logical thought begins, and they understand the idea of conservation.
Formal Operational Stage - ANSWER-Stage of development for 12 years and up.
Abstract thought begins. Higher order thinking and ability to systematically plan for
future.
Schema - ANSWER-Categories of knowledge that help us to interpret and understand
the world. An organized pattern of behavior or thought.
Assimilation - ANSWER-Process of using or transforming the environment so that it can
be placed in preexisting cognitive structures (schema).