A nurse is caring for a patient preparing to undergo a colonoscopy. Which
of the following drugs do health care providers commonly use to enhance
bowel cleansing? (Select all that apply.)
A. polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution
B. bisacodyl
C. psyllium
D. docusate sodium
A and B.
Rationale: Health care providers commonly give polyethylene glycol-electrolyte
solution and bisacodyl to evacuate the colon in preparation for a colonoscopy.
Which of the following mechanism of action is shown by over-the-counter
drug magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)?
A. increased gastric secretions
B. increased osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen
C. binding to diarrhea-causing bacteria for excretion
D. decreased gastrointestinal motility
,B.
Rationale: Magnesium hydroxide increases osmotic pressure in the intestinal
lumen and causes water to be retained.
A patient presents with a blood pressure of 162/88 mm Hg, heart rate of
100 bpm, triglycerides of 378 mg/dL, and HDL of 25 mg/dL. Which of the
following are characteristics of metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
A. blood pressure of 162/88 mm Hg
B. heart rate of 100 bpm
C. triglycerides of 378 mg/dL
D. HDL of 25 mg/dL
A, C, and D.
The characteristics of metabolic syndrome are high low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol, low HDL, increased blood pressure,
impaired glucose values, and abdominal obesity.
A patient who has just arrived at the emergency department may be
suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following would confirm
the diagnosis?
A. elevated serum potassium
B. increased respiratory rate
C. increased pH
D. elevated blood glucose level
D.
In diabetic ketoacidosis, the arterial pH is less than 7.35, plasma bicarbonate is
less than 15 mEq/L, blood glucose is usually higher than 250 mg/dL, and
ketones are present in the urine. The client also usually has Kussmaul's
respirations.
A patient is taking NPH insulin once daily in the morning. What is the most
likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction?
A. 1 to 3 hours after administration
,B. 4 to 12 hours after administration
C. 12 to 18 hours after administration
D. 18 to 24 hours after administration
B. The insulin begins to work in 1 to 1½ hours, and its peak of action occurs in
4 to 12 hours, the most likely time a client will experience hypoglycemia.
A patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes is beginning daily insulin
injections. The nurse is preparing to teach the patient about insulin
injections. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A. Understand that ketones in the urine indicate the need for a decrease in
the number of units of insulin.
B. Administer the insulin at the same time every day regardless of meals.
C. Rotate the insulin injection sites.
D. Increase the insulin dosage just prior to exercise.
C.
Lipodystrophy (hypertrophy of subcutaneous tissue at the injection site) can
occur when the clients uses the same injection sites. Hypertrophied tissue can
affect the amount or degree to which subcutaneous insulin is absorbed and
thereby affect blood glucose levels.
When teaching a patient who has recently received a diagnosis of diabetes
how to self-administer short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin
subcutaneously, which of the following instructions is correct?
A. Understand that the order of drawing up the two insulins into the
syringe does not matter.
B. Draw the short-acting insulin into the syringe first, followed by the
intermediate-acting insulin.
C. Draw the intermediate-acting insulin into the syringe first, followed by
the short-acting insulin.
D. Give yourself two injections because mixing these insulins together is
unsafe.
, B.
The short-acting insulin (clear) should always be drawn up first because the
intermediate-acting insulin (cloudy) can inversely affect the short-acting insulin
if mixed in the vial.
The nurse is caring for a woman who has strong beliefs about not putting
anything unnatural into her body. It is most accurate to say that most
modern medications are
A. natural products derived from plants
B. natural products derived from minerals
C. synthetic products manufactured in laboratories
D. synthetic modifications of natural products
C.
Rationale: Although most older drugs originated as plants, minerals, or other
natural products, newer drugs are mainly synthetic. Synthetic drugs are
standardized and therefore more consistent in their characteristics and effects
than natural products.
The nurse is taking care of a man who is confused about the different
medications he is prescribed. He notes that some of the drug names have
changed over the course of time he has been taking them. When counseling
him, it is most important to keep the following statement in mind:
of the following drugs do health care providers commonly use to enhance
bowel cleansing? (Select all that apply.)
A. polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution
B. bisacodyl
C. psyllium
D. docusate sodium
A and B.
Rationale: Health care providers commonly give polyethylene glycol-electrolyte
solution and bisacodyl to evacuate the colon in preparation for a colonoscopy.
Which of the following mechanism of action is shown by over-the-counter
drug magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)?
A. increased gastric secretions
B. increased osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen
C. binding to diarrhea-causing bacteria for excretion
D. decreased gastrointestinal motility
,B.
Rationale: Magnesium hydroxide increases osmotic pressure in the intestinal
lumen and causes water to be retained.
A patient presents with a blood pressure of 162/88 mm Hg, heart rate of
100 bpm, triglycerides of 378 mg/dL, and HDL of 25 mg/dL. Which of the
following are characteristics of metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
A. blood pressure of 162/88 mm Hg
B. heart rate of 100 bpm
C. triglycerides of 378 mg/dL
D. HDL of 25 mg/dL
A, C, and D.
The characteristics of metabolic syndrome are high low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol, low HDL, increased blood pressure,
impaired glucose values, and abdominal obesity.
A patient who has just arrived at the emergency department may be
suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following would confirm
the diagnosis?
A. elevated serum potassium
B. increased respiratory rate
C. increased pH
D. elevated blood glucose level
D.
In diabetic ketoacidosis, the arterial pH is less than 7.35, plasma bicarbonate is
less than 15 mEq/L, blood glucose is usually higher than 250 mg/dL, and
ketones are present in the urine. The client also usually has Kussmaul's
respirations.
A patient is taking NPH insulin once daily in the morning. What is the most
likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction?
A. 1 to 3 hours after administration
,B. 4 to 12 hours after administration
C. 12 to 18 hours after administration
D. 18 to 24 hours after administration
B. The insulin begins to work in 1 to 1½ hours, and its peak of action occurs in
4 to 12 hours, the most likely time a client will experience hypoglycemia.
A patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes is beginning daily insulin
injections. The nurse is preparing to teach the patient about insulin
injections. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A. Understand that ketones in the urine indicate the need for a decrease in
the number of units of insulin.
B. Administer the insulin at the same time every day regardless of meals.
C. Rotate the insulin injection sites.
D. Increase the insulin dosage just prior to exercise.
C.
Lipodystrophy (hypertrophy of subcutaneous tissue at the injection site) can
occur when the clients uses the same injection sites. Hypertrophied tissue can
affect the amount or degree to which subcutaneous insulin is absorbed and
thereby affect blood glucose levels.
When teaching a patient who has recently received a diagnosis of diabetes
how to self-administer short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin
subcutaneously, which of the following instructions is correct?
A. Understand that the order of drawing up the two insulins into the
syringe does not matter.
B. Draw the short-acting insulin into the syringe first, followed by the
intermediate-acting insulin.
C. Draw the intermediate-acting insulin into the syringe first, followed by
the short-acting insulin.
D. Give yourself two injections because mixing these insulins together is
unsafe.
, B.
The short-acting insulin (clear) should always be drawn up first because the
intermediate-acting insulin (cloudy) can inversely affect the short-acting insulin
if mixed in the vial.
The nurse is caring for a woman who has strong beliefs about not putting
anything unnatural into her body. It is most accurate to say that most
modern medications are
A. natural products derived from plants
B. natural products derived from minerals
C. synthetic products manufactured in laboratories
D. synthetic modifications of natural products
C.
Rationale: Although most older drugs originated as plants, minerals, or other
natural products, newer drugs are mainly synthetic. Synthetic drugs are
standardized and therefore more consistent in their characteristics and effects
than natural products.
The nurse is taking care of a man who is confused about the different
medications he is prescribed. He notes that some of the drug names have
changed over the course of time he has been taking them. When counseling
him, it is most important to keep the following statement in mind:
