Life-Span Development (Santrock)
Chapter 1 Questions with Verified
Answers
Child Development - ANSWERSan area of study devoted to understanding constancy
and change from conception through adolescence
Developmental Science - ANSWERSwhich includes all changes we experience
throughout the lifespan
Continous - ANSWERSa process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills
that were there to begin with
Discontinuous - ANSWERSa process in which new ways of understanding and
responding to the world emerge at specific times
Stages - ANSWERSqualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that
characterize specific periods of development
Context - ANSWERSunique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances
that can result in different paths of change
Plasticity - ANSWERSOpenness of Human Development to change in response to
influential experiences throughout life
Resilience - ANSWERSthe ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to
development
Maturation - ANSWERSa genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of growth
Normative Approach - ANSWERSwhich measures of behavior are taken on large
numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical
development
Psychosexual Theory - ANSWERSemphasizes that how parents manages their child's
sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality
development
Behaviorism - ANSWERSDirectly observable events - stimuli and responses - are the
appropriate focus of study
, Social Learning Theory - ANSWERSan approach that emphasizes the role of modeling,
also known as imitation or observational learning, in the development of behavior
Behavior Modification - ANSWERSconsists of procedures that combine conditioning
and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increases desirable responses
Cognitive-Developmental Theory - ANSWERSChildren actively construct Knowledge as
they manipulate and explore their world
Information Processing - ANSWERSan approach that views the human mind as a
symbol-manipulating system through which information flows and that regards cognitive
development as a continuous process
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWERSit brings together researchers from
psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between
changes in the brain and the developing child's cognitive processing and behavior
patterns
Ethological Theory - ANSWERSan approach concerned with the adaptive or survival
value of behavior and its evolutionary history
Sensitive Period - ANSWERSa time that is biologically optimal for certain capacities to
emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences
Evolutionary Developmental Psychology - ANSWERSan approach that seeks to
understand the adaptive value of species - wide cognitive, emotional, and special
competencies as those competencies change with age
Sociocultural Theory - ANSWERSVygotsky's Theory, in which children acquire the ways
of thinking and behaving that make up a community's culture through social interaction,
especially cooperative dialogue's with more knowledgeable members of their society
Ecological System Theory - ANSWERSBronfenbremer's approach, which views the
child as developing with in a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels
of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and school to broad
cultural values, laws, customs, and resources
Microsystem - ANSWERSin ecological system theory, the innermost level of the
environment, consisting of activities and interaction patters in the child's immediate
surroundings
Mesosystem - ANSWERSin ecological systems theory, connections between children's
microsystems, or immediate settings
Exosystem - ANSWERSin ecological systems theory, social setting that do not contain
children but nevertheless affect children's experiences
Chapter 1 Questions with Verified
Answers
Child Development - ANSWERSan area of study devoted to understanding constancy
and change from conception through adolescence
Developmental Science - ANSWERSwhich includes all changes we experience
throughout the lifespan
Continous - ANSWERSa process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills
that were there to begin with
Discontinuous - ANSWERSa process in which new ways of understanding and
responding to the world emerge at specific times
Stages - ANSWERSqualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that
characterize specific periods of development
Context - ANSWERSunique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances
that can result in different paths of change
Plasticity - ANSWERSOpenness of Human Development to change in response to
influential experiences throughout life
Resilience - ANSWERSthe ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to
development
Maturation - ANSWERSa genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of growth
Normative Approach - ANSWERSwhich measures of behavior are taken on large
numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical
development
Psychosexual Theory - ANSWERSemphasizes that how parents manages their child's
sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality
development
Behaviorism - ANSWERSDirectly observable events - stimuli and responses - are the
appropriate focus of study
, Social Learning Theory - ANSWERSan approach that emphasizes the role of modeling,
also known as imitation or observational learning, in the development of behavior
Behavior Modification - ANSWERSconsists of procedures that combine conditioning
and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increases desirable responses
Cognitive-Developmental Theory - ANSWERSChildren actively construct Knowledge as
they manipulate and explore their world
Information Processing - ANSWERSan approach that views the human mind as a
symbol-manipulating system through which information flows and that regards cognitive
development as a continuous process
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWERSit brings together researchers from
psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between
changes in the brain and the developing child's cognitive processing and behavior
patterns
Ethological Theory - ANSWERSan approach concerned with the adaptive or survival
value of behavior and its evolutionary history
Sensitive Period - ANSWERSa time that is biologically optimal for certain capacities to
emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences
Evolutionary Developmental Psychology - ANSWERSan approach that seeks to
understand the adaptive value of species - wide cognitive, emotional, and special
competencies as those competencies change with age
Sociocultural Theory - ANSWERSVygotsky's Theory, in which children acquire the ways
of thinking and behaving that make up a community's culture through social interaction,
especially cooperative dialogue's with more knowledgeable members of their society
Ecological System Theory - ANSWERSBronfenbremer's approach, which views the
child as developing with in a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels
of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and school to broad
cultural values, laws, customs, and resources
Microsystem - ANSWERSin ecological system theory, the innermost level of the
environment, consisting of activities and interaction patters in the child's immediate
surroundings
Mesosystem - ANSWERSin ecological systems theory, connections between children's
microsystems, or immediate settings
Exosystem - ANSWERSin ecological systems theory, social setting that do not contain
children but nevertheless affect children's experiences
