6521 Advanced Pharmacology Final EXAM LATEST
2026-2027 250 QUESTIONS AND 100% Verified
ANSWERS
A patient has an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prescriber has ordered piperacillin
and amikacin, both to be given intravenously. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Make sure to
administer the drugs at different times using different IV tubing.
A child with an ear infection is not responding to treatment with amoxicillin [Amoxil]. The nurse will
expect the provider to order: - answer>>amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin].
A patient is receiving intravenous potassium penicillin G, 2 million units to be administered over 1 hour.
At 1900, the nurse notes that the dose hung at 1830 has infused completely. What will the nurse do? -
answer>>Request an order for serum electrolytes and cardiac monitoring.
A nurse transcribes a new prescription for potassium penicillin G given intravenously (IV) every 8 hours
and gentamicin given IV every 12 hours. Which is the best schedule for administering these drugs? -
answer>>Give the penicillin at 0800, 1600, and 2400; give the gentamicin [Garamycin] at 1800 and
0600.
A nurse assisting a nursing student with medications asks the student to describe how penicillins (PCNs)
work to treat bacterial infections. The student is correct in responding that penicillins: -
answer>>disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis.
A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber has ordered dicloxacillin
PO. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant penicillin.
The parent of an infant with otitis media asks the nurse why the prescriber has ordered amoxicillin
[Amoxil] and not ampicillin [Unasyn]. What will the nurse tell the parent? - answer>>Ampicillin is not as
acid stable as amoxicillin.
A child with otitis media has had three ear infections in the past year. The child has just completed a 10-
day course of amoxicillin [Amoxil] with no improvement. The parent asks the nurse why this drug is not
,working, because it has worked in the past. What will the nurse tell the patient? - answer>>"The
bacteria have synthesized penicillinase."
A patient with no known drug allergies is receiving amoxicillin [Amoxil] PO twice daily. Twenty minutes
after being given a dose, the patient complains of shortness of breath. The patient's blood pressure is
100/58 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Contact the provider and prepare to administer
epinephrine.
A patient with an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is being treated with
piperacillin. The nurse providing care reviews the patient's laboratory reports and notes that the
patient's blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels are elevated. The nurse will contact the
provider to discuss: - answer>>reducing the dose of piperacillin.
A nurse is preparing to administer intramuscular penicillin to a patient who is infected with Treponema
pallidum and notes that the order is for sodium penicillin G. Which action is correct? - answer>>Contact
the provider to discuss changing the drug to benzathine penicillin G.
A nurse is discussing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a group of nursing
students. Which statement by a student correctly identifies the basis for MRSA resistance? -
answer>>"MRSA bacteria have developed PBPs with a low affinity for penicillins."
A patient with second-degree burns is treated with silver sulfadiazine [Silvadene]. A nursing student
asks the nurse about the differences between silver sulfadiazine and mafenide [Sulfamylon], because
the two are similar products, and both contain sulfonamides. What does the nurse tell the student
about silver sulfadiazine? - answer>>It has antibacterial effects related to release of free silver.
A nurse teaches a patient about sulfonamides. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for
further teaching? - answer>>"I should stop taking this drug when my symptoms are gone."
A patient will be discharged from the hospital with a prescription for TMP/SMZ [Bactrim]. When
providing teaching for this patient, the nurse will tell the patient that it will be important to: -
answer>>drink 8 to 10 glasses of water every day.
,A nurse is caring for an African-American patient who has been admitted to the unit for long- term
antibiotic therapy with sulfonamides. The patient develops fever, pallor, and jaundice. The nurse would
be correct to suspect that the patient has developed: - answer>>hemolytic anemia.
A pregnant patient is treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) [Bactrim] for a urinary
tract infection at 32 weeks' gestation. A week later, the woman delivers her infant prematurely. The
nurse will expect to monitor the infant for: - answer>>kernicterus.
A nurse is caring for a patient who takes an ACE inhibitor and an ARB medication who will begin taking
TMP/SMZ to treat a urinary tract infection. Which serum electrolyte will the nurse expect to monitor
closely? - answer>>Potassium
A nurse is obtaining a drug history from a patient about to receive sulfadiazine. The nurse learns that
the patient takes warfarin, glipizide, and a thiazide diuretic. Based on this assessment, the nurse will
expect the provider to: - answer>>monitor the patient's coagulation levels.
A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 160/800 mg orally, twice daily. Before administering the
third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a temperature of 103° F, and a heart
rate of 100 beats/minute. The patient looks ill and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do? -
answer>>Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus takes glipizide. The patient develops a urinary tract infection,
and the prescriber orders TMP/SMZ. What will the nurse tell the patient? - answer>>The patient should
check the blood glucose level more often while taking TMP/SMZ.
A patient who is taking immunosuppressant medications develops a urinary tract infection. The
causative organism is sensitive to sulfonamides and to another, more expensive antibiotic. The
prescriber orders the more expensive antibiotic. The nursing student assigned to this patient asks the
nurse why the more expensive antibiotic is being used. Which response by the nurse is correct? -
answer>>"Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and depend on host immunity to work."
A nurse is discussing microbial resistance among sulfonamides and trimethoprim with a nursing
student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? - answer>>"Resistance
to sulfonamides is less common than resistance totrimethoprim"
, A patient with a urinary tract infection is given a prescription for TMP/SMZ. When reviewing the drug
with the patient, the nurse learns that the patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus and consumes alcohol
heavily. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Contact the provider to request a different antibiotic for this
patient.
A patient with a history of renal calculi has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria. The nurse caring for this
patient understands that it is important for the provider to: - answer>>begin antibiotic therapy after
urine culture and sensitivity results are available.
A 30-year-old male patient reports having two to four urinary tract infections a year. What will the
nurse expect to teach this patient? - answer>>"You will need to take a low dose of medication for 6
months to prevent infections."
A patient has a positive urine culture 1 week after completion of a 3-day course of antibiotics. The nurse
anticipates that the prescriber will: - answer>>begin a 2-week course of antibiotics.
A young, nonpregnant female patient with a history of a previous urinary tract infection is experiencing
dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, and suprapubic pain of 3 days' duration. She is afebrile. A urine
culture is positive for more than 100,000/mL of urine. The nurse caring for this patient knows that
which treatment is most effective? - answer>>A 3-day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
[Bactrim]
A patient who is taking nitrofurantoin calls the nurse to report several side effects. Which side effect of
this drug causes the most concern and would require discontinuation of the medication? -
answer>>Tingling of the fingers
Before giving methenamine [Hiprex] to a patient, it is important for the nurse to review the patient's
history for evidence of which problem? - answer>>Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
A pregnant female patient with bacteriuria, suprapubic pain, urinary urgency and frequency, and a low-
grade fever is allergic to sulfa, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin. The nurse knows that the best alternative
for treating this urinary tract infection is with: - answer>>methenamine [Hiprex].
The parent of a 5-year-old child who has had four urinary tract infections in the past year asks the nurse
why the provider doesn't just order an antibiotic for the child's current symptoms of low-grade fever,
2026-2027 250 QUESTIONS AND 100% Verified
ANSWERS
A patient has an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prescriber has ordered piperacillin
and amikacin, both to be given intravenously. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Make sure to
administer the drugs at different times using different IV tubing.
A child with an ear infection is not responding to treatment with amoxicillin [Amoxil]. The nurse will
expect the provider to order: - answer>>amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin].
A patient is receiving intravenous potassium penicillin G, 2 million units to be administered over 1 hour.
At 1900, the nurse notes that the dose hung at 1830 has infused completely. What will the nurse do? -
answer>>Request an order for serum electrolytes and cardiac monitoring.
A nurse transcribes a new prescription for potassium penicillin G given intravenously (IV) every 8 hours
and gentamicin given IV every 12 hours. Which is the best schedule for administering these drugs? -
answer>>Give the penicillin at 0800, 1600, and 2400; give the gentamicin [Garamycin] at 1800 and
0600.
A nurse assisting a nursing student with medications asks the student to describe how penicillins (PCNs)
work to treat bacterial infections. The student is correct in responding that penicillins: -
answer>>disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis.
A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber has ordered dicloxacillin
PO. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant penicillin.
The parent of an infant with otitis media asks the nurse why the prescriber has ordered amoxicillin
[Amoxil] and not ampicillin [Unasyn]. What will the nurse tell the parent? - answer>>Ampicillin is not as
acid stable as amoxicillin.
A child with otitis media has had three ear infections in the past year. The child has just completed a 10-
day course of amoxicillin [Amoxil] with no improvement. The parent asks the nurse why this drug is not
,working, because it has worked in the past. What will the nurse tell the patient? - answer>>"The
bacteria have synthesized penicillinase."
A patient with no known drug allergies is receiving amoxicillin [Amoxil] PO twice daily. Twenty minutes
after being given a dose, the patient complains of shortness of breath. The patient's blood pressure is
100/58 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Contact the provider and prepare to administer
epinephrine.
A patient with an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is being treated with
piperacillin. The nurse providing care reviews the patient's laboratory reports and notes that the
patient's blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels are elevated. The nurse will contact the
provider to discuss: - answer>>reducing the dose of piperacillin.
A nurse is preparing to administer intramuscular penicillin to a patient who is infected with Treponema
pallidum and notes that the order is for sodium penicillin G. Which action is correct? - answer>>Contact
the provider to discuss changing the drug to benzathine penicillin G.
A nurse is discussing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a group of nursing
students. Which statement by a student correctly identifies the basis for MRSA resistance? -
answer>>"MRSA bacteria have developed PBPs with a low affinity for penicillins."
A patient with second-degree burns is treated with silver sulfadiazine [Silvadene]. A nursing student
asks the nurse about the differences between silver sulfadiazine and mafenide [Sulfamylon], because
the two are similar products, and both contain sulfonamides. What does the nurse tell the student
about silver sulfadiazine? - answer>>It has antibacterial effects related to release of free silver.
A nurse teaches a patient about sulfonamides. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for
further teaching? - answer>>"I should stop taking this drug when my symptoms are gone."
A patient will be discharged from the hospital with a prescription for TMP/SMZ [Bactrim]. When
providing teaching for this patient, the nurse will tell the patient that it will be important to: -
answer>>drink 8 to 10 glasses of water every day.
,A nurse is caring for an African-American patient who has been admitted to the unit for long- term
antibiotic therapy with sulfonamides. The patient develops fever, pallor, and jaundice. The nurse would
be correct to suspect that the patient has developed: - answer>>hemolytic anemia.
A pregnant patient is treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) [Bactrim] for a urinary
tract infection at 32 weeks' gestation. A week later, the woman delivers her infant prematurely. The
nurse will expect to monitor the infant for: - answer>>kernicterus.
A nurse is caring for a patient who takes an ACE inhibitor and an ARB medication who will begin taking
TMP/SMZ to treat a urinary tract infection. Which serum electrolyte will the nurse expect to monitor
closely? - answer>>Potassium
A nurse is obtaining a drug history from a patient about to receive sulfadiazine. The nurse learns that
the patient takes warfarin, glipizide, and a thiazide diuretic. Based on this assessment, the nurse will
expect the provider to: - answer>>monitor the patient's coagulation levels.
A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 160/800 mg orally, twice daily. Before administering the
third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a temperature of 103° F, and a heart
rate of 100 beats/minute. The patient looks ill and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do? -
answer>>Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus takes glipizide. The patient develops a urinary tract infection,
and the prescriber orders TMP/SMZ. What will the nurse tell the patient? - answer>>The patient should
check the blood glucose level more often while taking TMP/SMZ.
A patient who is taking immunosuppressant medications develops a urinary tract infection. The
causative organism is sensitive to sulfonamides and to another, more expensive antibiotic. The
prescriber orders the more expensive antibiotic. The nursing student assigned to this patient asks the
nurse why the more expensive antibiotic is being used. Which response by the nurse is correct? -
answer>>"Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and depend on host immunity to work."
A nurse is discussing microbial resistance among sulfonamides and trimethoprim with a nursing
student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? - answer>>"Resistance
to sulfonamides is less common than resistance totrimethoprim"
, A patient with a urinary tract infection is given a prescription for TMP/SMZ. When reviewing the drug
with the patient, the nurse learns that the patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus and consumes alcohol
heavily. What will the nurse do? - answer>>Contact the provider to request a different antibiotic for this
patient.
A patient with a history of renal calculi has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria. The nurse caring for this
patient understands that it is important for the provider to: - answer>>begin antibiotic therapy after
urine culture and sensitivity results are available.
A 30-year-old male patient reports having two to four urinary tract infections a year. What will the
nurse expect to teach this patient? - answer>>"You will need to take a low dose of medication for 6
months to prevent infections."
A patient has a positive urine culture 1 week after completion of a 3-day course of antibiotics. The nurse
anticipates that the prescriber will: - answer>>begin a 2-week course of antibiotics.
A young, nonpregnant female patient with a history of a previous urinary tract infection is experiencing
dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, and suprapubic pain of 3 days' duration. She is afebrile. A urine
culture is positive for more than 100,000/mL of urine. The nurse caring for this patient knows that
which treatment is most effective? - answer>>A 3-day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
[Bactrim]
A patient who is taking nitrofurantoin calls the nurse to report several side effects. Which side effect of
this drug causes the most concern and would require discontinuation of the medication? -
answer>>Tingling of the fingers
Before giving methenamine [Hiprex] to a patient, it is important for the nurse to review the patient's
history for evidence of which problem? - answer>>Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
A pregnant female patient with bacteriuria, suprapubic pain, urinary urgency and frequency, and a low-
grade fever is allergic to sulfa, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin. The nurse knows that the best alternative
for treating this urinary tract infection is with: - answer>>methenamine [Hiprex].
The parent of a 5-year-old child who has had four urinary tract infections in the past year asks the nurse
why the provider doesn't just order an antibiotic for the child's current symptoms of low-grade fever,
