HESI PN Comprehensive Exam 1 Study Guide 2026 |
Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Why is it important to assess a client's ability to swallow before facilitating
speech with a fenestrated tracheostomy tube?
The assessment helps determine the need for oxygen therapy.
It is not necessary to assess swallowing ability for speech facilitation.
Assessing swallowing ability ensures the client can safely produce
speech without risking aspiration.
It allows the nurse to decide if the inner cannula should be removed.
2. During the assessment of a client who has a cast on his right leg, a nurse
locates an area on the cast that feels warm to the touch. Which of the
following complications should the nurse suspect?
Pressure from the cast.
Infection.
ATI - Musculoskeletal: Fractures, Amputations
Poor circulation.
Uneven cast drying.
3. Your patient is a student teacher and wants to know how long to stay out of
the classroom. A patient with streptococcal pharyngitis should be considered
infectious and kept out of school for what period after beginning antibiotics?
24 hours
12 hours
36 hours
, 48 hours
4. The initial plan of treatment for a patient who is newly diagnosed with Type 2
diabetes mellitus and moderate obesity includes a program of diet and
exercise. A nurse should explain to the patient that the treatment plan is
necessary for which of these reasons?
Weight reduction can result in lowered blood glucose levels.
Exercise can prevent the formation of ketones.
Exercise can increase pancreatic secretion of insulin.
A diet that eliminates sugar can bring blood glucose to a normal level.
5. What is the first step a nurse should take to facilitate speech in a client with a
fenestrated tracheostomy tube?
Show the client how to use a tracheostomy plug.
Give oxygen at 6 L/minute via tracheostomy collar.
Determine the client's ability to swallow.
Remove the inner cannula.
6. Postop client who has been taking furosemide complains from the bathroom
of sudden SOB and angina, which condition should you be concerned of?
gastro reflux
stable angina pectoris
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary edema
7. What is the primary purpose of keeping a diary of activities while wearing a
Holter monitor?
, To monitor blood pressure changes.
To track medication intake.
To record dietary habits.
To correlate symptoms with heart rhythm disturbances.
8. A client with schizophrenia states to the nurse. The voices have told me that I
am in danger. I am only safe if I stay in my room and wear the same clothes.
They're so loud they frighten me. Do you hear them? What would the most
therapeutic statement for the nurse to make?
You need to get your mind occupied so you don't hear the voices
I won't let anything happen to you
I know these voices are very real to you but I don't hear them
Why do you think you are in danger? You are safe here
9. What is the purpose of using a glucose test strip on nasal drainage in a
patient with a head injury?
To determine if the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
To assess the viscosity of the drainage.
To measure the pH level of the fluid.
To check for bacterial infection.
10. What is the appropriate method for performing oral hygiene in a child with a
low platelet count receiving chemotherapy?
Rinse the mouth out with lukewarm water.
Wipe teeth with moistened gauze sponges.
Clean the teeth with a toothbrush twice daily.
, Use a toothbrush and floss once a day.
11. A male client scheduled for a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection
for cancer of the larynx asks the PN if he will ever be able to speak. Which
response is bets for the PN to provide?
Once the breathing hole in the neck heals, the ability to speak
requires a device.
Breathing occurs through a permanent neck opening which prevents
normal speech.
Due to removal of the vocal cords, communication requires the use of
sign language.
Permanent removal of the voice box requires rehabilitation for
esophageal speech.
12. Which type of medication should be used as directed for a client with
chronic kidney disease?
Oral iron supplements
Calcium supplements
Antihypertensive drugs
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories
13. The older adult patient is a vegetarian and has a history of atrial ␣brillation.
The patient is taking warfarin and states that his favorite vegetables are
spinach, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. What will concern the nurse about
the patient's diet and the type of anticoagulant he is taking?
The green vegetables are low in vitamin K, which decreases the
effects of warfarin.
Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Why is it important to assess a client's ability to swallow before facilitating
speech with a fenestrated tracheostomy tube?
The assessment helps determine the need for oxygen therapy.
It is not necessary to assess swallowing ability for speech facilitation.
Assessing swallowing ability ensures the client can safely produce
speech without risking aspiration.
It allows the nurse to decide if the inner cannula should be removed.
2. During the assessment of a client who has a cast on his right leg, a nurse
locates an area on the cast that feels warm to the touch. Which of the
following complications should the nurse suspect?
Pressure from the cast.
Infection.
ATI - Musculoskeletal: Fractures, Amputations
Poor circulation.
Uneven cast drying.
3. Your patient is a student teacher and wants to know how long to stay out of
the classroom. A patient with streptococcal pharyngitis should be considered
infectious and kept out of school for what period after beginning antibiotics?
24 hours
12 hours
36 hours
, 48 hours
4. The initial plan of treatment for a patient who is newly diagnosed with Type 2
diabetes mellitus and moderate obesity includes a program of diet and
exercise. A nurse should explain to the patient that the treatment plan is
necessary for which of these reasons?
Weight reduction can result in lowered blood glucose levels.
Exercise can prevent the formation of ketones.
Exercise can increase pancreatic secretion of insulin.
A diet that eliminates sugar can bring blood glucose to a normal level.
5. What is the first step a nurse should take to facilitate speech in a client with a
fenestrated tracheostomy tube?
Show the client how to use a tracheostomy plug.
Give oxygen at 6 L/minute via tracheostomy collar.
Determine the client's ability to swallow.
Remove the inner cannula.
6. Postop client who has been taking furosemide complains from the bathroom
of sudden SOB and angina, which condition should you be concerned of?
gastro reflux
stable angina pectoris
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary edema
7. What is the primary purpose of keeping a diary of activities while wearing a
Holter monitor?
, To monitor blood pressure changes.
To track medication intake.
To record dietary habits.
To correlate symptoms with heart rhythm disturbances.
8. A client with schizophrenia states to the nurse. The voices have told me that I
am in danger. I am only safe if I stay in my room and wear the same clothes.
They're so loud they frighten me. Do you hear them? What would the most
therapeutic statement for the nurse to make?
You need to get your mind occupied so you don't hear the voices
I won't let anything happen to you
I know these voices are very real to you but I don't hear them
Why do you think you are in danger? You are safe here
9. What is the purpose of using a glucose test strip on nasal drainage in a
patient with a head injury?
To determine if the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
To assess the viscosity of the drainage.
To measure the pH level of the fluid.
To check for bacterial infection.
10. What is the appropriate method for performing oral hygiene in a child with a
low platelet count receiving chemotherapy?
Rinse the mouth out with lukewarm water.
Wipe teeth with moistened gauze sponges.
Clean the teeth with a toothbrush twice daily.
, Use a toothbrush and floss once a day.
11. A male client scheduled for a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection
for cancer of the larynx asks the PN if he will ever be able to speak. Which
response is bets for the PN to provide?
Once the breathing hole in the neck heals, the ability to speak
requires a device.
Breathing occurs through a permanent neck opening which prevents
normal speech.
Due to removal of the vocal cords, communication requires the use of
sign language.
Permanent removal of the voice box requires rehabilitation for
esophageal speech.
12. Which type of medication should be used as directed for a client with
chronic kidney disease?
Oral iron supplements
Calcium supplements
Antihypertensive drugs
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories
13. The older adult patient is a vegetarian and has a history of atrial ␣brillation.
The patient is taking warfarin and states that his favorite vegetables are
spinach, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. What will concern the nurse about
the patient's diet and the type of anticoagulant he is taking?
The green vegetables are low in vitamin K, which decreases the
effects of warfarin.
