Oncology and Renal System Nursing Review

Oncology i




▪ Warning signs a person can have cancer
i i i i i i i i




- Changei ini boweli ori bladderi habitsi

- Ai sorei thati doesi noti heali

- Unusuali bleedingi ori dischargei

- Thinkingi ai lumpi ini breasti ori otheri sidei

- Indigestioni

- Obviousi changei ini ai warti ori molei

- Naggingi cough,i hoarsenessi (Persistenti cough)i
i

Note:i Ifi questioni comesi i i i i i i i i i Note:i Ifi questionsi comei
ii i i i i i Hoarsenessi


- Naggingi coughi i i i Canceri


i i i i i i i Acutei i Chronici

Laryngospasmi i Canceri -i Whoopingi coughi iii Pertussisi
i

iii Emergencyi i i i -i Barkingi coughi iii Croupi
i




Screening i



1. Self-breasti examinationi

- Monthlyi

- Menstruationi 7i daysi afteri

- Posti menopausei (choosei onei dayi duringi thei month,i alwaysi thei samei day)i i

2. Clinicali breasti examinationi -i 20i –i 39i everyi 3i yearsi

i i i i i -i ≥i 40i yearlyi

3. Pelvici exami -i 20i –i 39i everyi 3i yearsi

i i i -i ≥i 40i yearlyi

, i

4. Mammographyi -i 20i –i 39i everyi 3i yearsi

i i i -i ≥i 40i yearlyi

5. Papi smeari i i i i i i i -i 20i –i 39i withi highi riski yearlyi i i i i i Ifi riski decreasei i everyi 3i yearsi

- 20i –i 39i withi noi riski i i Yearlyi

- ≥i 40i yearlyi

Note:i i

- Papi smeari shouldi noti bei donei beforei 21i yearsi old.i Beforei 21i year,i thisi testi isi noti
usuallyi done.i

- Afteri 21i yearsi ofi age,i ifi patienti isi ati highi riski thei doctori decidedi howi ofteni thei testi isi
done.i i

- Principali causei ofi canceri deathi ini thei USAi isi thei Lungi canceri ini Malei andi Femalei -i

Secondi causei ofi canceri ini Femalei i iiiiiiii Breasti canceri i

Secondi causei ofi canceri ini Malei Prostatei canceri

- Thirdi causei ofi canceri ini Malei andi Femalei i Coloni canceri i

≥ 50 years Male and Female
i i ii i i i



6.i Sigmoidoscopyi everyi 5i yearsi

iiii Colonoscopyi everyi 10i yearsi

i Note:i i

Ifi patienti hasi Inflammatoryi boweli diseasei (IBD);i Crohn’si disease,i Colitisi ulcersi

,i i i i i i i i i
Premalignanti lesions Colonoscopyi Yearly
i i i
7.i Guaiaci testi (Bloodi occulti fecali test ) Yearly
i i i i
Falsei Positivei (+) Falsei Negativei ( -)
i i i i i i i
- Redi meat - Viti Ci (Ascorbici acid)
i i i
- Beels
i i i
- Aspirini (ASA)
i i i
- Ironi (Fe)
i i i
- Cranberry
Guaiaci testi
i i


i i


i i


i i


i i

8. Prostatei >i 50i yearsi

i


PSAi (Prostatici specifici antigen)i i DREi (Digitali rectali examination)i

1st exam 2ndi exami
i i
i i i i




Normali value:i 0i –i 4i i PSAi +i DRE:i bothi examsi arei done,i althoughi
thei PSAi isi normali i

Prostatei abnormali i i i i i i i -i Hardi

- Irregulari i i i i i i i i Doctori willi orderi Biopsyi iiiii Positivei diagnosisi

- Painlessi

- Fixedi

9. Testesi self-examinationi

- Monthlyi i Mosti commoni canceri i i 15i –i 35i yearsi
oldi

, - ≥i 12i yearsi oldi Self-examinationi duringi ori afteri warmi showeri ▪i Testesi

warning signs i i




- Painlessi swallowingi i i i -i Hardi lumpi

- Fluidi accumulationi ini thei scrotumi i -i Dulli achei ini thei groini areai

- Enlargementi ori tendernessi ofi breasti

▪ Oral cancer
i i i



i -i Mouthi -i Lipi -i Pharynxi -i Mucousi membranei i i i i i i -i Tonguei

▪ Clinical manifestations of Oral cancer
i i i i i i



- Ai sorei throati doesi noti heali

- Chronici hoarsenessi /i Naggingi /i Persistenti

- Paini /i difficultyi swallowingi

- Sorei throati
i
i
Risk factor of Oral cancer
i i i i i Smokingi

▪i Canceri Larynxi =i Voicei cordi canceri

i -i Abnormal,i malignant,i growthi ofi voicei cordsi

Risk factor of Larynx cancer
i i i i i i i i i -i Smokingi i i i i i i i i i -i Highi intakei alcoholi oi Clinicali

manifestations of Larynx cancer i i i i




- Chronic,i naggingi hoarsenessi -i Difficultyi duringi swallowingi

- Persistenti sorei throati i -i Burningi sensationi wheni drinkingi hoti fluidsi

i i i i Sore i throat i


i
- Pharyngitisi i -i Immunosuppressorsi i Priorityi
i i
- Laryngitisi ii i




i i i Expectedi i Chronici sorei throat:i i i i -i Orali canceri