JERSEY COLLEGE NUTRITION MIDTERM REVIEW - PRACTICE QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026/2027

JERSEY COLLEGE NUTRITION MIDTERM REVIEW - PRACTICE QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 1. Which of the following is considered a micronutrient? A) Carbohydrates B) Fats C) Proteins D) Vitamins Correct Answer: D) Vitamins Rationale: Micronutrients are nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients, while carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients. ________________________________________ 2. How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide? A) 2 kcal B) 4 kcal C) 7 kcal D) 9 kcal Correct Answer: B) 4 kcal Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram. This is the same caloric value as protein, while fats provide 9 kcal per gram and alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram. ________________________________________ 3. Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose levels? A) Glucagon B) Insulin C) Epinephrine D) Cortisol Correct Answer: B) Insulin Rationale: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by body cells, bringing blood sugar down. Glucagon, in contrast, is secreted by alpha cells and raises blood sugar. ________________________________________ 4. What is the RDA for protein in a healthy adult? A) 0.5 g per kg body weight B) 0.8 g per kg body weight C) 1.0 g per kg body weight D) 1.2 g per kg body weight Correct Answer: B) 0.8 g per kg body weight Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for healthy adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. This amount is estimated to meet the protein needs of nearly all healthy individuals. ________________________________________ 5. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose B) Maltose C) Glucose D) Lactose Correct Answer: C) Glucose Rationale: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, consisting of one sugar molecule. Glucose is a monosaccharide. Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are disaccharides, which consist of two sugar molecules joined together. ________________________________________ 6. What percentage of fluid makes up a healthy adult's body weight? A) 30%-40% B) 40%-50% C) 50%-70% D) 70%-85% Correct Answer: C) 50%-70% Rationale: Fluid makes up approximately 50% to 70% of a healthy adult's body weight. This percentage varies based on factors such as age, gender, and body composition. ________________________________________ 7. Which type of fatty acid has no carbons joined together with a double bond and is generally solid at room temperature? A) Monounsaturated fatty acid B) Polyunsaturated fatty acid C) Saturated fatty acid D) Trans fatty acid Correct Answer: C) Saturated fatty acid Rationale: Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature. Examples include coconut oil and butter. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are typically liquid at room temperature. ________________________________________ 8. What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)? A) The average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of half the people in a group B) The average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a group C) The highest average daily intake level likely to pose no health risks D) The recommended range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake Correct Answer: C) The highest average daily intake level likely to pose no health risks Rationale: The UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) is the highest average daily intake level that is likely to pose no health risks. Individuals should not exceed this amount on a daily basis to avoid potential adverse effects. ________________________________________ 9. Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium? A) Saltine crackers B) Potato chips C) Banana D) Butter Correct Answer: C) Banana Rationale: Bananas are an excellent source of potassium, a major positively charged electrolyte in intracellular fluid. Other sources include orange juice, yogurt, and spinach. Saltine crackers and potato chips are high in sodium, not potassium. ________________________________________ 10. What is the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically? A) Absorption B) Digestion C) Metabolism D) Excretion Correct Answer: B) Digestion