BIO 130 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation serve as?
The null hypothesis for evolutionary processes.
What is the sum of the frequencies in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
p + q = 1 (100% of population).
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
What are the five assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Random mating, no natural selection, no genetic drift, no gene flow, and no mutation.
Speciation
The process by which a new species forms.
What are the two steps that result in speciation?
Genetic isolation and genetic divergence.
Genetic isolation
A barrier prevents gene flow between populations.
Genetic divergence
Differences accumulate through natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation.
Allopatry
Populations that live in different geographic areas.
, Allopatric speciation
Speciation that begins with geographic isolation.
How can allopatric speciation occur?
Dispersal or vicariance.
Dispersal
Movement of individuals from one place to another.
Vicariance
A physical barrier separates populations.
Sympatry
Populations live in the same geographic area.
Sympatric speciation
Speciation that occurs within the same geographic area.
How can sympatric speciation emerge?
Through extrinsic or intrinsic events.
Extrinsic events
External ecological factors reduce mating between groups.
Intrinsic events
Chromosomal changes that impact mating.
Biological species concept
Defines species based on reproductive isolation.
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation serve as?
The null hypothesis for evolutionary processes.
What is the sum of the frequencies in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
p + q = 1 (100% of population).
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
What are the five assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Random mating, no natural selection, no genetic drift, no gene flow, and no mutation.
Speciation
The process by which a new species forms.
What are the two steps that result in speciation?
Genetic isolation and genetic divergence.
Genetic isolation
A barrier prevents gene flow between populations.
Genetic divergence
Differences accumulate through natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation.
Allopatry
Populations that live in different geographic areas.
, Allopatric speciation
Speciation that begins with geographic isolation.
How can allopatric speciation occur?
Dispersal or vicariance.
Dispersal
Movement of individuals from one place to another.
Vicariance
A physical barrier separates populations.
Sympatry
Populations live in the same geographic area.
Sympatric speciation
Speciation that occurs within the same geographic area.
How can sympatric speciation emerge?
Through extrinsic or intrinsic events.
Extrinsic events
External ecological factors reduce mating between groups.
Intrinsic events
Chromosomal changes that impact mating.
Biological species concept
Defines species based on reproductive isolation.
