INTRODUCTION TO
IMMUNOLOGY/INNATE/ADAPTIVE | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE &
EXCEL!
What is the immune system and what is it made up of? Answer: Immune system:
-A host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an
organism that protects against disease
Made up of:
-organs
-tissues
-cells
-molecules
What can the immune system do?
what are prolonged reactions? Answer: 1. identify threat
2. mount attack
3. eliminate pathogen
4. remember
--protective and eliminates
all in 10 days
Prolonged reactions:
chronic inflammation
The immune system can eliminate what? Answer: pathogens
Basic immunity depends on what? Answer: Basic immunity depends on the ability of the
immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules
What are CD markers? Answer: CD = "cluster of differentiation"
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,unique surface proteins that differentiate WBC's
what are self molecules?
what are examples? Answer: Self molecules:
are the components of the body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the
immune system.
Ex. RBC's and WBCS
What are non-self molecules (antigens)? Answer: Non-self molecules are those
recognized as foreign molecules.
--Non self-does not originate in the body
what is one class of nonself molecules?
what are examples? Answer: One class of non-self molecules are called:
antigens (short for antibody generators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific
immune receptors and elicit an immune response
What is an antigen? Answer: A bacterial cell (pathogen) with different proteins (epitopes)
on its surface.*Pathogen-a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause
disease.
What is an epitope? Answer: Epitope-the part of an antigen molecule where an antibody
attaches itself.
what is an antibody? Answer: Antibody are specific glycoproteins called immunoglobulins
that are produced in response to an antigen (pathogen).
Epitopes-Antigenic Determinants Answer: Antibodies recognize specific areas of antigens
called epitopes.• Individual antibodies are not made against the entire antigen but rather to
chemical groups(epitopes) on the molecule.
true or false?
An antigen is produced in response to an antibody Answer: FALSE; an antibody is
produced in response to an antigen
--Many different antibodies canbe made against a single antigen,each antibody reacting
with adifferent epitope
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2
, The immune system is divided into what? which are what? Answer: The immune system
usually has two divisions:
innate immune system:
--the immediate protection component, and
the adaptive immune system:
--the slower but more focused defense component
What is the first defense system of the immune system (immunity)? Answer: Innate (non
specific)
what is the innate immune response divided into? Answer: Innate (First and second
defense systems):
Surface (external) defenses:
--first defense system
--mechanical and chemical barriers
Internal Defenses:
--second defense system
--inflammation response and phagocytosis
Innate Immunity:
what does the first defense system : surface (External defenses) consist of? Answer:
Innate immunity first defense system surface (External defenses) consist of:
--Skin
--Mucus membranes
--Secretions
--Normal flora
Innate External Defense (Surface) Answer: Innate External Defense (Surface) : first line of
defense
Unbroken skin and mucosal membrane surfaces, secretions, physical ability to wash away
potential pathogens, chemical properties of tears and saliva
Innate second line of defense:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
IMMUNOLOGY/INNATE/ADAPTIVE | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE &
EXCEL!
What is the immune system and what is it made up of? Answer: Immune system:
-A host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an
organism that protects against disease
Made up of:
-organs
-tissues
-cells
-molecules
What can the immune system do?
what are prolonged reactions? Answer: 1. identify threat
2. mount attack
3. eliminate pathogen
4. remember
--protective and eliminates
all in 10 days
Prolonged reactions:
chronic inflammation
The immune system can eliminate what? Answer: pathogens
Basic immunity depends on what? Answer: Basic immunity depends on the ability of the
immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules
What are CD markers? Answer: CD = "cluster of differentiation"
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,unique surface proteins that differentiate WBC's
what are self molecules?
what are examples? Answer: Self molecules:
are the components of the body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the
immune system.
Ex. RBC's and WBCS
What are non-self molecules (antigens)? Answer: Non-self molecules are those
recognized as foreign molecules.
--Non self-does not originate in the body
what is one class of nonself molecules?
what are examples? Answer: One class of non-self molecules are called:
antigens (short for antibody generators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific
immune receptors and elicit an immune response
What is an antigen? Answer: A bacterial cell (pathogen) with different proteins (epitopes)
on its surface.*Pathogen-a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause
disease.
What is an epitope? Answer: Epitope-the part of an antigen molecule where an antibody
attaches itself.
what is an antibody? Answer: Antibody are specific glycoproteins called immunoglobulins
that are produced in response to an antigen (pathogen).
Epitopes-Antigenic Determinants Answer: Antibodies recognize specific areas of antigens
called epitopes.• Individual antibodies are not made against the entire antigen but rather to
chemical groups(epitopes) on the molecule.
true or false?
An antigen is produced in response to an antibody Answer: FALSE; an antibody is
produced in response to an antigen
--Many different antibodies canbe made against a single antigen,each antibody reacting
with adifferent epitope
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, The immune system is divided into what? which are what? Answer: The immune system
usually has two divisions:
innate immune system:
--the immediate protection component, and
the adaptive immune system:
--the slower but more focused defense component
What is the first defense system of the immune system (immunity)? Answer: Innate (non
specific)
what is the innate immune response divided into? Answer: Innate (First and second
defense systems):
Surface (external) defenses:
--first defense system
--mechanical and chemical barriers
Internal Defenses:
--second defense system
--inflammation response and phagocytosis
Innate Immunity:
what does the first defense system : surface (External defenses) consist of? Answer:
Innate immunity first defense system surface (External defenses) consist of:
--Skin
--Mucus membranes
--Secretions
--Normal flora
Innate External Defense (Surface) Answer: Innate External Defense (Surface) : first line of
defense
Unbroken skin and mucosal membrane surfaces, secretions, physical ability to wash away
potential pathogens, chemical properties of tears and saliva
Innate second line of defense:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
