HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Answer: Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the
body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing
anteriorly
◉ Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that
can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning
sensation in the muscles? Answer: Lactic acid
◉ The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint? Answer:
Ball and socket
◉ Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of
the leg? Answer: Vastus lateralis
◉ Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the
circulatory system? Answer: Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right
ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein,
left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body tissues,
vena cava, right atrium
,◉ Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs
that are identified using the ABCDE method? Answer: Melanoma
◉ Where is the popliteal artery located? Answer: Behind the knee
◉ A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be
at risk of ____________. Answer: extensive bleeding
◉ Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?
Answer: Ulna
◉ Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an
abundance of in leukocytes? Answer: Lysosomes
◉ What is the purpose of gastric mucous? Answer: To protect the
stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.
◉ Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system
is stimulated? Answer: Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion
slows down
◉ The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following
anatomical regions? Answer: Pelvic
◉ Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal? Answer: Oral
cavity
, ◉ Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of
substances in and out of the cell? Answer: Cell membrane
◉ Which of the following glands secrete earwax? Answer: Ceruminous
◉ What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur? Answer: The
formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow
◉ Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the
urinary system? Answer: Urethra
◉ What is the function of endocrine glands? Answer: They secrete
hormones directly into the blood.
◉ Which of the following is defined as "a group of similar cells and
their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?"
Answer: Tissues
◉ A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or
torn? Answer: Ligament
◉ What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate? Answer:
Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Answer: Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the
body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing
anteriorly
◉ Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that
can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning
sensation in the muscles? Answer: Lactic acid
◉ The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint? Answer:
Ball and socket
◉ Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of
the leg? Answer: Vastus lateralis
◉ Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the
circulatory system? Answer: Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right
ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein,
left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body tissues,
vena cava, right atrium
,◉ Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs
that are identified using the ABCDE method? Answer: Melanoma
◉ Where is the popliteal artery located? Answer: Behind the knee
◉ A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be
at risk of ____________. Answer: extensive bleeding
◉ Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?
Answer: Ulna
◉ Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an
abundance of in leukocytes? Answer: Lysosomes
◉ What is the purpose of gastric mucous? Answer: To protect the
stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.
◉ Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system
is stimulated? Answer: Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion
slows down
◉ The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following
anatomical regions? Answer: Pelvic
◉ Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal? Answer: Oral
cavity
, ◉ Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of
substances in and out of the cell? Answer: Cell membrane
◉ Which of the following glands secrete earwax? Answer: Ceruminous
◉ What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur? Answer: The
formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow
◉ Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the
urinary system? Answer: Urethra
◉ What is the function of endocrine glands? Answer: They secrete
hormones directly into the blood.
◉ Which of the following is defined as "a group of similar cells and
their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?"
Answer: Tissues
◉ A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or
torn? Answer: Ligament
◉ What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate? Answer:
Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate
