BIO 1000 (KEARLEY) - EXAM 2 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS COMPLETE TEST BANK QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following best describes the 1st law of thermodynamics?
A. Energy transformations are always 100% efficient.
B. Energy is never gained or lost, but is only transformed.
C. The amount of usable energy in the universe is decreasing.
D. Energy can be created and destroyed.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 1st law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transformed; the total energy in the universe remains constant.
2. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?
A. Energy transformations are perfectly efficient.
B. The amount of usable energy in the universe is increasing.
C. All energy transformations are inefficient, and entropy increases.
D. Entropy decreases over time.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 2nd law says that energy transformations are inefficient, leading
to decreased usable energy and increased entropy (disorder).
3. What are the three stages of respiration in correct order?
A. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain
,B. Glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
D. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The correct sequence is glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
chain.
4. The active site of an enzyme is:
A. The entire enzyme molecule
B. The part where the substrate binds
C. The region that stores energy
D. The site where ATP is produced
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The active site is only a small part of the enzyme where the substrate
actually binds.
5. Active transport across a biological membrane:
A. Moves substances with the concentration gradient
B. Does not require energy
C. Moves substances from low to high concentration and requires energy
D. Only occurs in plant cells
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Active transport requires energy (ATP) and moves substances against
their concentration gradient (from low to high).
6. Aerobic respiration is best described as:
A. Harvesting energy without oxygen
B. The aerobic harvesting of energy from cells by cells
C. A process that produces lactic acid
D. A process that occurs only in mitochondria
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aerobic respiration is the aerobic (oxygen-requiring) harvesting of
energy from food by cells.
7. Which statement about osmosis and diffusion is correct?
A. All diffusion is osmosis
B. All osmosis is diffusion, but not all diffusion is osmosis
C. Osmosis and diffusion are unrelated
D. Osmosis requires energy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion (water movement), so all
osmosis is diffusion, but not all diffusion is osmosis.
8. How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
A. 32
B. 2
C. 34
D. 4
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
9. How many ATP molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle?
A. 2
B. 32
C. 34
D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Krebs cycle directly produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
, 10. How many ATP molecules are produced during the electron transport chain?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 32
D. 34
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The electron transport chain produces approximately 32 ATP per
glucose molecule.
11. Anaerobic respiration:
A. Uses oxygen and produces more ATP than aerobic respiration
B. Does not use oxygen and produces less ATP than aerobic respiration
C. Produces only water as a byproduct
D. Is the main source of energy for long-term activities
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and yields less ATP than
aerobic respiration; it produces lactic acid or alcohol.
12. Which products can be produced by anaerobic respiration?
A. Water and carbon dioxide
B. Lactic acid and alcohol
C. Glucose and oxygen
D. Only ATP
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anaerobic respiration in animals produces lactic acid, and in yeast
produces alcohol.
13. When do humans primarily use anaerobic respiration?
A. During long-distance running
B. For quick bursts of energy
QUESTIONS COMPLETE TEST BANK QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following best describes the 1st law of thermodynamics?
A. Energy transformations are always 100% efficient.
B. Energy is never gained or lost, but is only transformed.
C. The amount of usable energy in the universe is decreasing.
D. Energy can be created and destroyed.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 1st law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transformed; the total energy in the universe remains constant.
2. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?
A. Energy transformations are perfectly efficient.
B. The amount of usable energy in the universe is increasing.
C. All energy transformations are inefficient, and entropy increases.
D. Entropy decreases over time.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 2nd law says that energy transformations are inefficient, leading
to decreased usable energy and increased entropy (disorder).
3. What are the three stages of respiration in correct order?
A. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain
,B. Glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
D. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The correct sequence is glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
chain.
4. The active site of an enzyme is:
A. The entire enzyme molecule
B. The part where the substrate binds
C. The region that stores energy
D. The site where ATP is produced
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The active site is only a small part of the enzyme where the substrate
actually binds.
5. Active transport across a biological membrane:
A. Moves substances with the concentration gradient
B. Does not require energy
C. Moves substances from low to high concentration and requires energy
D. Only occurs in plant cells
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Active transport requires energy (ATP) and moves substances against
their concentration gradient (from low to high).
6. Aerobic respiration is best described as:
A. Harvesting energy without oxygen
B. The aerobic harvesting of energy from cells by cells
C. A process that produces lactic acid
D. A process that occurs only in mitochondria
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aerobic respiration is the aerobic (oxygen-requiring) harvesting of
energy from food by cells.
7. Which statement about osmosis and diffusion is correct?
A. All diffusion is osmosis
B. All osmosis is diffusion, but not all diffusion is osmosis
C. Osmosis and diffusion are unrelated
D. Osmosis requires energy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion (water movement), so all
osmosis is diffusion, but not all diffusion is osmosis.
8. How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
A. 32
B. 2
C. 34
D. 4
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
9. How many ATP molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle?
A. 2
B. 32
C. 34
D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Krebs cycle directly produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
, 10. How many ATP molecules are produced during the electron transport chain?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 32
D. 34
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The electron transport chain produces approximately 32 ATP per
glucose molecule.
11. Anaerobic respiration:
A. Uses oxygen and produces more ATP than aerobic respiration
B. Does not use oxygen and produces less ATP than aerobic respiration
C. Produces only water as a byproduct
D. Is the main source of energy for long-term activities
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and yields less ATP than
aerobic respiration; it produces lactic acid or alcohol.
12. Which products can be produced by anaerobic respiration?
A. Water and carbon dioxide
B. Lactic acid and alcohol
C. Glucose and oxygen
D. Only ATP
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anaerobic respiration in animals produces lactic acid, and in yeast
produces alcohol.
13. When do humans primarily use anaerobic respiration?
A. During long-distance running
B. For quick bursts of energy
