BIOLOGY 1000 EXAM #2 REVIEW: CELLULAR ENERGETICS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CELL STRUCTURE COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

BIOLOGY 1000 EXAM #2 REVIEW: CELLULAR ENERGETICS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CELL STRUCTURE COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 1. Are enzymes permanently altered in chemical reactions? A) Yes B) No C) Only at high temperatures D) Only in the presence of ATP Correct Answer: B Explanation: Enzymes are catalysts; they are not consumed or permanently changed in the reactions they speed up. ________________________________________ 2. ATP is created from an ATC (thylakoid membrane) NADP+ and is reduced to become what? A) NADPH B) ATP C) ADP D) Glucose Correct Answer: A Explanation: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. ________________________________________ 3. What is the correct balanced equation for C6H12O6? A) 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATPs B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C) 6O2 + 6H2O + glucose D) CO2 + H2O + energy Correct Answer: A Explanation: Cellular respiration of glucose produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. ________________________________________ 4. In the reaction where catechol is broken into benzoquinone by catechol oxidase, what is catechol? A) Enzyme B) Product C) Substrate D) Cofactor Correct Answer: C Explanation: Catechol is the molecule that is acted upon (the substrate) by the enzyme catechol oxidase. ________________________________________ 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of Eukaryotes? A) No nuclei B) Single-celled only C) No organelles D) Many are multicellular Correct Answer: D Explanation: Eukaryotes have nuclei and many are multicellular; they also contain organelles. ________________________________________ 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of Prokaryotes? A) Nuclei present B) Multicellular C) Most use oxygen D) No organelles Correct Answer: D Explanation: Prokaryotes lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles; they are typically single-celled. ________________________________________ 7. What do chloroplasts contain? A) Grana only B) Stroma only C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments D) Nuclei Correct Answer: C Explanation: Chloroplasts are organelles that contain chlorophyll and other pigments for photosynthesis. ________________________________________ 8. What is the definition of grana? A) Fluid within the chloroplast B) Pores in the leaf C) Stack of thylakoids D) A type of pigment Correct Answer: C Explanation: Grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts. ________________________________________ 9. What are pigments? A) Molecules that absorb all wavelengths of light B) Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths and reflect/transmit others C) Enzymes that break down glucose D) Pores in the leaf Correct Answer: B Explanation: Pigments absorb specific wavelengths of light and reflect or transmit the rest, giving them their color. ________________________________________ 10. What is the function of stomata? A) Absorb light energy B) Let CO2 in and O2/H2O out C) Synthesize ATP D) Store chlorophyll Correct Answer: B Explanation: Stomata are pores in leaves that allow gas exchange—CO2 enters, O2 and water vapor exit. ________________________________________ 11. What is the stroma? A) The fluid within the chloroplast B) The stack of thylakoids C) The outer membrane of the chloroplast D) The pigment inside chloroplasts Correct Answer: A Explanation: Stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids inside the chloroplast. ________________________________________ 12. What is a thylakoid? A) A flattened membrane-bound sac in the chloroplast B) The fluid inside the chloroplast C) A pore in the leaf D) A stack of grana