STRAIGHTERLINE BIOLOGY 101 FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cAtomsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
Eachcatomchascacpositivelycchargedcnucleuscwhichciscsurroundedcbycaccloudcofcnegativelycchargedc
electrons.c
Thecnucleuscconsistscofcprotonsc(+)candcneutronsc(-).
Thecnumbercofcprotonscincthecnucleuscgivescthecatomiccnumber.
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCellsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Ioniccbondscformcbyctheclosscandcgaincofcelectrons
-Covalentcbondscformcbycthecsharingcofcelectrons
-Accellciscformedcfromccarbonccompounds
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cFourcMajorcFamiliescofcorganiccmoleculesc-
cCORRECTcANSWERSc-FattycAcids-careccomponentscofccellcmembranes
Aminocacids-csubunitscofcproteins
Sugars-cprovidecancenergycsourcecforccells
Nucleotides-csubunitscofcDNAcandcRNA
Metabolismc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Allcofcthecchemicalcreactionscthatcoccurcwithincancorganism
Photosynthesisc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Conversioncofclightcenergycfromcthecsuncintocchemicalcenergy.
-synthesizecfoodcfromccarboncdioxidecandcwater
-involvescthecgreencpigmentcchlorophyllcandcgeneratescoxygencascacbyproduct.
, CellularcRespirationc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
acsetcofcmetaboliccreactionscandcprocessescthatctakecplacecinctheccellscofcorganismsctocconvertcche
micalcenergycfromcnutrientscintocadenosinectriphosphatec(ATP),candcthencreleasecwastecproducts.
CellcStructurecandcFunction:cProkaryotec(bacteriacandcarchaea)c-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Pilus-chair-
likecappendagecfoundconcthecsurface
Capsule-cmadecofcpolysaccharides,chelpscthecprokaryotescclingctoceachcothercandctocsurfaces
Cellcwall-crigidclayercofcpolysaccharidesclyingcoutsidecthecplasmacmembranec
Plasmacmembrane-clayercofclipidscthatcseparatesctheccellcinteriorcfromcthecoutsidecenvironment
Neucleoidc(DNA)-ccontainscallcorcmostcofcthecgeneticcmaterial
cytoplasm-ceverythingcfoundcwithincthecplasmacmembrane
ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecproteins
flagellum-cusedcforccellcmovementc
(nocmembranecboundcnucleus)
Cellcstructurecandcfunction:cEukaryotec-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Endoplasmiccreticulum-
cacnetworkcofcmembranousctubulescwithinctheccytoplasm,cinvolvedcincproteincandclipidcsynthesis
Nucleus-ccontainscthecmajoritycofctheccellscgeneticcmaterialc
Cytoplasm-cincludescallcofcthecmaterialcinsidectheccellcandcoutsidecofcthecnucleus.
Cytoskeleton-
cgivescshapecandccoherence,cnetworkcofcproteincfilamentscandctubulescinctheccytoplasm
Ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecprotein
Mitochondria-
ctakescincnutrients,cbreakscthemcdown,candccreatescenergycrichcmoleculescforctheccell
Lysosomes-cbreakcdowncexcesscorcworncoutccellcparts.c
Golgicbody-cinvolvedcincsecretioncandcintracellularctransport
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cAtomsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
Eachcatomchascacpositivelycchargedcnucleuscwhichciscsurroundedcbycaccloudcofcnegativelycchargedc
electrons.c
Thecnucleuscconsistscofcprotonsc(+)candcneutronsc(-).
Thecnumbercofcprotonscincthecnucleuscgivescthecatomiccnumber.
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCellsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Ioniccbondscformcbyctheclosscandcgaincofcelectrons
-Covalentcbondscformcbycthecsharingcofcelectrons
-Accellciscformedcfromccarbonccompounds
ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cFourcMajorcFamiliescofcorganiccmoleculesc-
cCORRECTcANSWERSc-FattycAcids-careccomponentscofccellcmembranes
Aminocacids-csubunitscofcproteins
Sugars-cprovidecancenergycsourcecforccells
Nucleotides-csubunitscofcDNAcandcRNA
Metabolismc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Allcofcthecchemicalcreactionscthatcoccurcwithincancorganism
Photosynthesisc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Conversioncofclightcenergycfromcthecsuncintocchemicalcenergy.
-synthesizecfoodcfromccarboncdioxidecandcwater
-involvescthecgreencpigmentcchlorophyllcandcgeneratescoxygencascacbyproduct.
, CellularcRespirationc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
acsetcofcmetaboliccreactionscandcprocessescthatctakecplacecinctheccellscofcorganismsctocconvertcche
micalcenergycfromcnutrientscintocadenosinectriphosphatec(ATP),candcthencreleasecwastecproducts.
CellcStructurecandcFunction:cProkaryotec(bacteriacandcarchaea)c-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Pilus-chair-
likecappendagecfoundconcthecsurface
Capsule-cmadecofcpolysaccharides,chelpscthecprokaryotescclingctoceachcothercandctocsurfaces
Cellcwall-crigidclayercofcpolysaccharidesclyingcoutsidecthecplasmacmembranec
Plasmacmembrane-clayercofclipidscthatcseparatesctheccellcinteriorcfromcthecoutsidecenvironment
Neucleoidc(DNA)-ccontainscallcorcmostcofcthecgeneticcmaterial
cytoplasm-ceverythingcfoundcwithincthecplasmacmembrane
ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecproteins
flagellum-cusedcforccellcmovementc
(nocmembranecboundcnucleus)
Cellcstructurecandcfunction:cEukaryotec-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Endoplasmiccreticulum-
cacnetworkcofcmembranousctubulescwithinctheccytoplasm,cinvolvedcincproteincandclipidcsynthesis
Nucleus-ccontainscthecmajoritycofctheccellscgeneticcmaterialc
Cytoplasm-cincludescallcofcthecmaterialcinsidectheccellcandcoutsidecofcthecnucleus.
Cytoskeleton-
cgivescshapecandccoherence,cnetworkcofcproteincfilamentscandctubulescinctheccytoplasm
Ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecprotein
Mitochondria-
ctakescincnutrients,cbreakscthemcdown,candccreatescenergycrichcmoleculescforctheccell
Lysosomes-cbreakcdowncexcesscorcworncoutccellcparts.c
Golgicbody-cinvolvedcincsecretioncandcintracellularctransport