NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
1. How does blood flow through the heart chambers/valves? -CORRECT ava to
ANSWERS -Superior vena c inferior vena cave. Blood then enters the right atrium and passes ntricle. The
through the tricuspid valve to the right ve right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the it becomes
pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries where oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the atrium.
heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the left From the left atrium blood flows through the bicuspid
(mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
2. Which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
ii. ) Circumflex -CORRECT ANSWERS -LA and left lateral wall of LV.
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV
3. What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel? -CORRECT ANSWERS -Pressure
ditterence between two ends of a vessel
Resistance -CORRECT ANSWERS -r/t
diameter of a vessel Viscosity (n) of
the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
4. What does QP -CORRECT ANSWERS -QS mean and what factors alter a normal
ratio? -CORRECT ANSWERS -Q=blood flow QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) -CORRECT
ANSWERS -QS= blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age -CORRECT ANSWERS -8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age -CORRECT ANSWERS -1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
2.) 1-2 years old -CORRECT ANSWERS -15-20 woods units/m2
3.) Child to adult -CORRECT ANSWERS -15-30 woods units/m2
,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
a) Factors attecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries and arterioles
,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
5. Explain the process of cardiac contraction and relaxation.
What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin in this process? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action
potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves the complexes ott the actin active site. Actin and myosin interact
(contract).
"Walk-along" theory:
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin filament with it (power
stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.
6. What is the effect of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta
2. Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, increase
systolic blood pressure, mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
7. What is the effect of Norepinephrine on the cardiovascular system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS -Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some ettect on Beta 1, none on Beta 2.
Strong vasoconstriction (smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary flow, increase systolic and some
diastolic BP.
8. What is the effect of Dopamine on the cardiovascular system? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and
dopamine receptors)
9. What is the process of generating a cardiac action potential?
What electrolytes are involved? -CORRECT ANSWERS -0-
Depolarization
1-Early repolarization
, NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
Rapid sodium entering the cell
2. Plateau (repolarization)
Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell
3. Potassium moves out of the cells
answers 2026-2027
1. How does blood flow through the heart chambers/valves? -CORRECT ava to
ANSWERS -Superior vena c inferior vena cave. Blood then enters the right atrium and passes ntricle. The
through the tricuspid valve to the right ve right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the it becomes
pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries where oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the atrium.
heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the left From the left atrium blood flows through the bicuspid
(mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
2. Which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
ii. ) Circumflex -CORRECT ANSWERS -LA and left lateral wall of LV.
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV
3. What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel? -CORRECT ANSWERS -Pressure
ditterence between two ends of a vessel
Resistance -CORRECT ANSWERS -r/t
diameter of a vessel Viscosity (n) of
the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
4. What does QP -CORRECT ANSWERS -QS mean and what factors alter a normal
ratio? -CORRECT ANSWERS -Q=blood flow QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) -CORRECT
ANSWERS -QS= blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age -CORRECT ANSWERS -8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age -CORRECT ANSWERS -1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
2.) 1-2 years old -CORRECT ANSWERS -15-20 woods units/m2
3.) Child to adult -CORRECT ANSWERS -15-30 woods units/m2
,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
a) Factors attecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries and arterioles
,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
5. Explain the process of cardiac contraction and relaxation.
What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin in this process? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action
potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves the complexes ott the actin active site. Actin and myosin interact
(contract).
"Walk-along" theory:
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin filament with it (power
stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.
6. What is the effect of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta
2. Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, increase
systolic blood pressure, mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
7. What is the effect of Norepinephrine on the cardiovascular system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS -Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some ettect on Beta 1, none on Beta 2.
Strong vasoconstriction (smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary flow, increase systolic and some
diastolic BP.
8. What is the effect of Dopamine on the cardiovascular system? -CORRECT
ANSWERS -Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and
dopamine receptors)
9. What is the process of generating a cardiac action potential?
What electrolytes are involved? -CORRECT ANSWERS -0-
Depolarization
1-Early repolarization
, NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions with verified
answers 2026-2027
Rapid sodium entering the cell
2. Plateau (repolarization)
Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell
3. Potassium moves out of the cells
